Appendix B. Labour Expended on Agricultural Activities and Co—Operative Labour Exchanges in Palokhi (21 January 1981 – 31 December 1981)
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Appendix B. Labour Expended on Agricultural Activities and Co—Operative Labour Exchanges in Palokhi (21 January 1981 – 31 December 1981)

Of the 19 households in Palokhi, five (H1a, H2, H3, H4, and H8) had swiddens and wet-rice fields, five (H5, H11b, H12, H13a, H13b) cultivated only swiddens, while seven (H1b, H6, H7, H9, H11a, H14, and H16) cultivated only wet-rice fields. Two households (H10 and H15) did not own any fields. It should be noted, however, that some households shared in the cultivation of fields and thus had access to both swiddens and wet-rice fields as in the case of H1a and H1b and H11a and H11b, and H13a and H13b.

The data in the first table (Table B.1) are meant to illustrate general patterns in the relationships between the amounts of labour expended by households (from domestic supplies of labour) on work in their own fields, labour that is received, and labour that is contributed, in co-operative exchanges. Although the records for some households are not available, in the cultivation of wet-rice fields, the available data are sufficient to show in broad, general terms the relative distribution of labour in agricultural activities and co-operative labour exchange done by households.

The second and third tables (Tables B.2 and B.3) are matrix tables which show, in more detail, the actual amounts of labour received and given in co-operative labour exchanges among households. For purposes of comparison and illustration, the labour expended by households which shared in the cultivation of a swidden (H1a and H1b, H11a and H11b, H13a, H13b and H13c) are indicated as if they were provided as co-operative work. This is to show the relative amounts of labour supplied by households in jointly working a field. As discussed in the case studies presented in Chapter IV, they reflect the different commitments of these households in the cultivation of fields where the fields are regarded as being owned by a particular household which, thus, has a greater responsibility for its cultivation.

It should also be noted that the data contained in these three tables are based on the 1981 agricultural season in Palokhi. They do not, therefore, relate to the data on agricultural production presented in Chapter V which are based on the 1980 agricultural season. The data in the tables were obtained on the basis of interviews of all households in Palokhi (except where indicated as unavailable [NA]) conducted regularly at intervals ranging from three days to a week, from 21 January 1981 to 31 December 1981.

Table B.1. Labour Expended by Households in Palokhi in Swidden and Wet—rice Cultivation (21 January 1981 – 31 December 1981) in Man-days
     

Swidden Cultivation

Wet-rice Cultivation

Household

Household size

Household dependency ratio

Total Labour expended by household in own swidden

Total Labour received in co-operative exchange

Total Labour given in co-operative exchange

Total Labour expended by household in own field

Total Labour received in co-operative exchange

Total Labour given in co-operative exchange

H1a

6

66.6

      

72.5

44.5

48.5

H1b

6

66.6

>163.5

>117.0

>90.5

60.5

51.0

36.0

H2

12

41.6

259.0

78.0

106.0

224.5

32.5

54.0

H3

11

18.2

120.5

31.0

96.0

234.5

43.5

37.0

H4

6

66.6

53.5

108.5

71.5

NA

35.5

25.0

H5

5

60.0

69.0

85.0

53.0

-

-

27.0

H6

7

71.4

-

-

3.0

89.0

12.0

15.0

H7

5

60.0

-

-

4.5

40.0

16.0

4.0

H8

9

44.4

52.5

76.5

56.0

NA

26.0

35.5

H9

8

62.5

-

-

9.0

NA

21.0

1.0

H10

5

60.0

-

-

3.0

-

-

1.0

H11a

2

50.0

            

H11b

8

50.0

>52.0

>43.0

>51.0

>NA

>22.0

>16.5

H12

3

33.3

37.5

90.5

61.0

-

-

25.5

H13a

7

71.4

>

>

>

-

-

8.0

H13b

4

50.0

>87.0

>59.5

>56.5

-

-

1.0

H13c

4

50.0

>

>

>

-

-

-

H14

3

33.3

-

-

13.0

NA

4.0

4.0

H15

2

50.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

H16

5

20.0

-

-

15.0

NA

36.5

5.5

Table B.2. Matrix of Labour Exchanged by Households in Palokhi in Swidden Cultivation (21 January 1981 – 31 December 1981) in Man-days

 

Households supplying labour

Total labour received by household
   

H1a

H1b

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H7

H8

H9

H10

H11a

H11b

H12

H13a

H13b

H13c

H14

H15

H16

Households receiving labour

H1a

x

8.0

16.0

10.0

14.0

8.0

-

2.0

11.0

-

2.0

1.0

8.0

18.0

5.0

-

-

5.0

-

5.0

113.0

H1b

3.5

x

-

-

-

-

-

0.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.0

H2

6.0

5.0

x

15.0

12.5

8.5

-

1.0

10.0

-

-

1.0

5.0

7.0

4.0

1.0

-

1.0

-

1.0

78.0

H3

2.0

-

8.0

x

5.0

2.0

-

-

5.0

1.0

-

-

1.0

5.0

-

2.0

-

-

-

-

31.0

H4

14.0

6.0

25.0

11.0

x

13.5

-

-

11.0

3.0

-

1.0

9.0

9.0

-

4.0

-

1.0

-

1.0

108.5

H5

8.0

1.0

14.0

9.0

14.0

x

-

1.0

12.0

-

-

-

9.0

10.0

4.0

1.0

-

-

-

2.0

85.0

H6

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H8

7.0

3.0

17.0

9.5

10.0

7.0

3.0

-

x

2.0

1.0

-

5.0

6.0

3.0

1.0

-

1.0

-

1.0

76.5

H9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H11a

2.0

2.0

-

6.0

-

-

-

-

1.0

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

1.0

-

-

12.0

H11b

1.0

-

8.0

8.0

4.0

3.0

-

-

2.0

1.0

-

-

x

3.0

-

-

-

-

-

1.0

31.0

H12

11.0

5.0

13.0

16.5

9.0

10.0

-

-

1.0

1.0

-

-

9.0

x

5.0

3.0

-

3.0

-

4.0

90.5

H13a

5.0

-

5.0

5.0

1.0

1.0

-

-

1.0

1.0

-

-

1.0

1.0

x

14.5

-

1.0

-

-

36.5

H13b

1.0

-

-

6.0

2.0

-

-

-

2.0

-

-

-

1.0

2.0

9.0

x

-

-

-

-

23.0

H13c

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

H14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

  

H15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

H16

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

Total labour given by household

60.5

30.0

106.0

96.0

71.5

53.0

3.0

4.5

56.0

9.0

3.0

3.0

48.0

61.0

30.0

26.5

-

13.0

-

15.0

689.0

Table B.3. Matrix of Labour Exchanged by Households in Palokhi in Wet-rice Cultivation (21 January 1981 – 31 December 1981) in Man-days

 

Households supplying labour

Total labour received by household
   

H1a

H1b

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H7

H8

H9

H10

H11a

H11b

H12

H13a

H13b

H13c

H14

H15

H16

Households receiving labour

H1a

x

13.5

7.0

5.0

6.0

3.0

-

-

2.0

-

-

-

1.0

5.0

2.0

-

-

-

-

-

44.5

H1b

16.0

x

3.0

1.0

4.0

1.0

4.0

4.0

5.0

-

-

-

2.0

4.5

1.0

-

-

2.0

-

3.5

51.0

H2

5.0

1.5

x

11.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

-

1.0

-

-

-

3.0

4.0

2.0

-

-

-

-

-

32.5

H3

5.0

2.5

14.0

x

3.0

5.0

-

-

3.0

-

-

-

2.0

4.0

2.0

-

-

1.0

-

2.0

43.5

H4

8.0

1.0

9.0

2.0

x

7.5

1.0

-

4.0

-

-

-

1.0

1.0

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

35.5

H5

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H6

-

1.0

2.0

-

-

-

x

-

7.0

-

-

2.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12.0

H7

-

3.0

4.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

x

5.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

16.0

H8

3.0

3.0

3.0

4.0

2.0

1.0

8.0

-

x

-

-

-

1.0

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

26.0

H9

3.0

-

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

-

-

2.0

x

-

-

2.0

2.0

-

1.0

-

-

-

-

21.0

H10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H11a

5.0

3.0

-

2.0

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

12.0

H11b

1.0

1.0

4.0

3.0

-

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10.0

H12

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H13a

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

H13b

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

H13c

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

H14

-

-

2.0

-

1.0

-

-

-

1.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

4.0

H15

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

H16

2.5

6.5

3.0

5.0

2.0

3.5

-

-

5.5

1.0

1.0

-

2.5

3.0

-

-

-

1.0

-

x

36.5

Total labour given by household

48.5

36.0

54.0

37.0

25.0

27.0

15.0

4.0

35.5

1.0

1.0

2.0

14.5

25.5

8.0

1.0

-

4.0

-

5.5

344.5
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