^[1] ‘Judges’ Report’, The Bulletin, vol. 49, no. 2532, 22 August, 1928, p. 9.

^[2] Quoted in Ric Throssell, Wild Weeds and Wind Flowers, (Sydney, 1975), p. 54.

^[3] Letter from S.H. Prior to Vance Palmer, dated 9 June, 1929; Palmer Letters, National Library of Australia. (Quoted in Healy, Literature and the Aborigine in Australia, 1770-1975, (St. Lucia, 1978), p. 140.

^[4] ‘The Red Page’, The Bulletin, vol. 49, no. 2533, 29 August, 1928, p. 5. The emphasis is mine.

^[5] See, for example, Dianne Schwerdt, ‘A Changing Black Image in Australian Fiction’, in W. Menary, ed., Aborigines and Schooling: Essays in Honour of Max Hart, (Adelaide, 1981), pp. 84-88.

^[6] ‘New Novels’, The Times Literary Supplement, no. 1433, 18 July, 1929, p. 574.

^[7] The classic exposition of this viewpoint is Vincent Buckley’s article ‘Capricornia’, Meanjin, vol. XIX, no. 1, 1960, pp. 13-30.

^[8] Vance Palmer’s Foreword to N’goola and Other Stories, (Melbourne, 1959), p. 8.

^[9] David Unaipon, Native Legends, (Adelaide, 1929[?]). There is some uncertainty over the precise publication date of this booklet, but it definitely appears to be earlier than the National Library’s estimate of 1932. I follow Beston’s conclusion that 1929 is the most likely date.

^[10] Biographical details are taken from David Unaipon, My Life Story, (Adelaide, 1951), and from Gordon Rowe, Sketches of Outstanding Aborigines, (Adelaide, 1956).

^[11] Unaipon, My Life Story, p. 2.

^[12] ibid., p. 3. (Quoted in John Beston, ‘David Unaipon: The First Aboriginal Writer, [1873-1967]’, Southerly, no. 3, 1979, pp. 335-336.)

^[13] Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 40,000 Years of Technology, (Canberra, 1982), p. 11.

^[14] Rowe, Sketches, p. 8.

^[15] Beston, ‘David Unaipon’, p. 345.

^[16] Unaipon, ‘An Aboriginal Pleads for His Race’, in Australian Aborigines, Photographs of Natives and Address, (Adelaide, 1928[?]), p. 9. Again, the National Library’s publication estimate of 1930 appears to be slightly late.

^[17] Beston, ‘David Unaipon’, p. 345.

^[18] Beston, ‘David Unaipon’, p. 337.

^[19] David Unaipon, ‘Legendary Tales of the Australian Aborigines’, manuscript and typescript, (Sydney, 1924-1925). The Mitchell Library ms. nos A1929-A1930.

^[20] Beston, ‘David Unaipon’, p. 345.

^[21] Unaipon, ‘Totemism’, in Native Legends, p. 4.

^[22] ibid, p. 5.

^[23] Unaipon, ‘Aboriginal Folk Lore’, in Legendary Tales of the Australian Aborigines, (Melbourne, 2001) p. 4. The emphasis is mine.

^[24] Unaipon, ‘Release of the Dragon Flies, by the Fairy, Sun Beam’, in Native Legends, p. 1.

^[25] ibid., p. 3.

^[26] Beston, ‘David Unaipon’, p. 345.

^[27] Unaipon, ‘Youn Goona the Cockatoo’, in Native Legends, p. 8.

^[28] Unaipon, ‘Nhung e Umpie’, in Legendary Tales, p. 135.

^[29] Unaipon, ‘The Song of Hungarrda’, in Native Legends, p. 14.

^[30] Unaipon, ‘Hunting’, in Legendary Tales, p. 67.

^[31] ibid., p. 60.

^[32] Unaipon, ‘Fishing’, in Legendary Tales, pp. 17-18.

^[33] Unaipon, ‘How the Tortoise Got His Shell’, in Legendary Tales, p. 69. Also published in Dawn, vol. 3, no. 11, November, 1954, p. 9.

^[34] Unaipon, ‘Why Manparrie (Frogs) Jump Into the Water’, in Legendary Tales, p. 164.

^[35] Beston, ‘David Unaipon’, p. 342.

^[36] Unaipon, ‘Why All the Animals Peck at the Selfish Owl’, in Legendary Tales. p. 159. Also published in Dawn, vol. 4, no. 4, 1955, pp. 16-17.

^[37] Unaipon, ‘How Teddy Lost His Tail’, in Legendary Tales, pp. 220-222.

^[38] Beston, ‘David Unaipon’, p. 338.

^[39] Unaipon, ‘The Voice of the Great Spirit’, in Legendary Tales, p. 150. Also published in Dawn, vol. 8, no. 7, 1959, p. 19.

^[40] Daisy Bates, The Passing of the Aborigines, (London, 1938).

^[41] This information provided by Dr. Isobel White during a seminar at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra, November, 1982.

^[42] Ann Kohler and Janette Kohn, eds, From Many Lands: Australians of the Past, (Richmond, 1980), p. 65.

^[43] Ken Hampton, ‘The Aborigine in Australian Literature’, unpublished DAA paper, (Adelaide, 1976), pp. 7-8.

^[44] Kay Iseman, ‘Katharine Susannah Prichard, Coonardoo and the Aboriginal Presence in Australian Fiction’, unpublished conference paper, (Sydney, 1980), p. 1.

^[45] ibid., p. 15.

^[46] Katharine Susannah Prichard, Coonardoo, (Sydney, 1982), p. 116.

^[47] Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, (Sydney, 1979), p. 314.

^[48] Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, p. 510.

^[49] In a personal letter from Josie Hilliger, Editorial Administrator, Angus and Robertson Publishers, dated 8 September, 1982, she states, ‘Ion Idriess … toured country towns selling [his] books and at the same time gathering background material. These personal tours helped tremendously to make … [Idriess] … and the books better known’.

^[50] Information provided in a telephone interview with Mr. R. Shankland, Royalties Department, Angus and Robertson Publishers, July, 1980.

^[51] ‘Empty Stomach Turned Bushman Into Great Author’, The Sydney Daily Mirror, 22 August, 1979, p. 73.

^[52] Information quoted from the front cover of the 1979 paperback edition, published by Angus and Robertson.

^[53] Information provided by Mr. R. Shankland, July, 1980.

^[54] Healy, Literature and the Aborigine in Australia, pp. 132-135.

^[55] Information provided by Mr. R. Shankland, July, 1980.

^[56] C.R., Untitled tribute to Idriess, Fragment, (May, 1954), Unnumbered. Contained in the file of news clippings pertaining to Idriess held by the Mitchell Library, Sydney.

^[57] Julian Croft, Entry on Ion Llewellyn Idriess in The Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 9, 1891-1939, (Melbourne, 1983), p. 426.

^[58] Ion L. Idriess, Lasseter’s Last Ride, (Sydney, 1959), pp. 24-25.

^[59] ibid., p. 142.

^[60] Information provided by Mr. R. Shankland, July, 1980.

^[61] Idriess, Nemarluk: King of the Wilds, (Sydney, 1941), p. 138.

^[62] ibid., p. 9.

^[63] Personal interview with Faith Bandler, Perth, February, 1983.

^[64] Brian Elliott, ed., The Jindyworobaks, (St. Lucia, 1979).

^[65] Kenneth Gifford, Jindyworobak; Towards An Australian Culture, (Melbourne, 1944), p. 1. Quoted in D.L.M. Jones, ‘The Treatment of the Aborigine in Australian Fiction’, unpublished M.A. Thesis (Adelaide, 1960), p. 164.

^[66] Jones, ‘The Treatment of the Aborigine’, pp. 163-164.

^[67] Personal interview with Judith Wright, Canberra, July, 1982.

^[68] W.E.H. Stanner, ‘After the Dreaming’, White Man Got No Dreaming, (Canberra, 1979), p. 211.