^[1] Personal interview with Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Stradbroke Island (Queensland), August, 1980.

^[2] Quoted in Adam Shoemaker, ‘An Interview With Jack Davis’, Westerly, vol. 27, no. 4, December, 1982, p. 116.

^[3] W.E.H. Stanner, After the Dreaming, (Sydney, 1969), p. 44.

^[4] See the inside cover of Noonuccal’s My People, (Brisbane, 1970). Noonuccal also asserts this fact in her interview with Jim Davidson in Meanjin, vol. 36, no. 4, (December, 1977), p. 428. It was in December, 1987, that Kath Walker officially changed her name to Oodgeroo Noonuccal, to protest the Bicentennial celebrations of 1988. In her words, ‘I have renounced my English name because the House of Commons and Lords in England have neglected us for 200 years. They could not spell the Aboriginal names so they gave us English ones’. Quoted in ‘Poet Changes Name, Returns MBE in Bicentennial Protest’, The Courier-Mail, 15 December 1987, p. 4.

^[5] Personal interview with Colin Johnson, conducted by Cliff Watego and Adam Shoemaker, Brisbane, September, 1982.

^[6] See, for example, ‘It’s Politics as Usual for Independent Bonner’, The Canberra Times, 13 February, 1983, p. 1, and ‘Kath Walker Withdraws’, The Canberra Times, 15 February, 1983, p. 6.

^[7] Australian Book Review, May, 1964, p. 143.

^[8] Jill Hellyer, ‘Aboriginal Poet’, Hemisphere, vol. 8, no. 12, December, 1964, p. 18.

^[9] Noonuccal, ‘Then and Now’, in My People, (Milton, 1981), p. 91.

^[10] Noonuccal, ‘Gifts’, in My People, p. 39.

^[11] Noonuccal, ‘Nona’ in My People, p. 31.

^[12] Noonuccal, ‘Verses’, (Number ‘VII’), in My People, p. 83.

^[13] Review of The Dawn Is At Hand, in Poetry Magazine, no. 1, February, 1967, p. 31.

^[14] Andrew Taylor, ‘New Poetry’, Australian Book Review, no. 36, Winter, 1967, p. 44.

^[15] Jill Hellyer, ‘Aboriginal Poet’, p. 18.

^[16] ‘Australian Poets’, The Times Literary Supplement, 10 September, 1964, p. 842.

^[17] Ruth Doobov, ‘The New Dreamtime: Kath Walker in Australian Literature’, Australian Literary Studies, vol. 6, no. 1, May, 1973, pp. 54-55.

^[18] ‘Interview: Kath Walker’, Meanjin, vol. 36, no. 4, December, 1977, pp. 428-429; (Conducted by Jim Davidson).

^[19] Personal interview with Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Stradbroke Island, August, 1982, conducted by Cliff Watego. Quoted with permission.

^[20] Quoted in Adam Shoemaker, ‘An Interview with Jack Davis’, Westerly, vol. 27, no. 4, December, 1982, p. 116.

^[21] Cheryl Buchanan’s speech at the official launching of Fogarty’s Yoogum Yoogum, Queensland Institute of Technology, September, 1982.

^[22] See Colin Johnson’s ‘Report of the Proceedings of the Second Aboriginal Writers’ Conference’, Melbourne, November, 1983, pp. 41-42.

^[23] Personal interview with Oodgeroo Noonuccal, conducted by Cliff Watego, Stradbroke Island, August, 1982. Quoted with permission.

^[24] Quoted by L.E. Scott in his unfortunately titled article, ‘Writers From A Dying Race’, Pacific Moana Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 4, October, 1979, p. 430.

^[25] Personal correspondence with Professor J.E. Chamberlin, January 23, 1984.

^[26] John Beston, ‘The Aboriginal Poets in English: Kath Walker, Jack Davis, and Kevin Gilbert’, Meanjin, vol. 36, no. 4, December, 1977, p. 458.

^[27] ‘The Boomerang’, in The First-born, and Other Poems, (Melbourne, 1983), p. 7.

^[28] Personal interview with Jack Davis, Canberra, November, 1981.

^[29] Davis, ‘Laverton Incident’, in The First-born, p. 22.

^[30] Beston, ‘The Aboriginal Poets in English’, p. 461.

^[31] Davis, ‘Desolation’, in The First-born, p. 36.

^[32] Davis has also been involved for many years in the activities of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, as a committee and a council member, and in 1984 both he and Oodgeroo Noonuccal were named as members of the Aboriginal Arts Board of the Australia Council.

^[33] Davis, ‘From the Ward Window’, in Jagardoo: Poems from Aboriginal Australia, (Sydney, 1978), p. 20.

^[34] Davis, ‘Bombay’, in Jagardoo, p. 37.

^[35] Kevin Gilbert, ‘People Are Legends’, in ‘Poems 1970’, Mitchell Library mss. no. 2429, 1970.

^[36] Kevin Gilbert, People Are Legends, (St. Lucia, 1978), p. 54.

^[37] Kevin Gilbert, ‘People Are Legends’, in End of Dreamtime, (Sydney, 1971), p. 14.

^[38] Gil Perrin, ‘Songs of Protest and Rural Poems’, Village News and NALA Journal, 6 September, 1978, n.p.

^[39] Peter Monaghan, ‘Fruits of Oppression’, The Canberra Times, 27 May, 1979, p. 15.

^[40] Gilbert, ‘Riches’, in People Are Legends, p. 17.

^[41] ‘The Other Side of the Story’, in ibid., p. 11.

^[42] ‘The Flowering … ‘, in ibid., p. 51.

^[43] ‘Shame’, in ibid., p. 13.

^[44] ‘The Better Blacks’, in ibid., pp. 26-27.

^[45] Kevin Gilbert, ‘To My Cousin, Evonne Cawley’, The Bulletin Literary Supplement, September, 1980, p. 2.

^[46] Personal interview with Kevin Gilbert, Canberra, May, 1981.

^[47] Gilbert, ‘Granny Koori’, in People Are Legends, p. 42.

^[48] Gilbert, ‘Extract From a Letter to a Woman Friend’, in ‘Poems 1970’, Mitchell Library mss. no. 2429, 1970.

^[49] Kevin Gilbert, Untitled Verse, in ‘Kids’ Poems’, National Library of Australia ms. no. 2584, 1979, n.p.

^[50] Personal interview with Kevin Gilbert, Canberra, May, 1981.

^[51] Les A. Murray, ‘In Search of a Poet’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 7 October 1978, p. 16.

^[52] Gilbert, ‘The Gurindji’, in People Are Legends, pp. 44-45.

^[53] Bruce Clunies-Ross, ‘Survival of the Jindyworobaks’, Kunapipi, vol. III, no. 1, 1981, p. 62.

^[54] Les A. Murray, ‘The Human-Hair Thread’, Meanjin, vol. 36, no. 4, December, 1977, pp. 550-551.

^[55] ibid., p. 550.

^[56] ibid., p. 571.

^[57] ibid., p. 551.

^[58] Murray, ‘The Ballad of Jimmy Governor’, in Poems Against Economics, (Sydney, 1972), p. 15.

^[59] Murray, ‘Thinking About Aboriginal Land Rights, I Visit the Farm I Will Not Inherit’, in Lunch and Counter Lunch, (Sydney, 1974), p. 30.

^[60] Personal interview with Les Murray, Canberra, June, 1981.

^[61] Murray, ‘The Human-Hair Thread’, p. 551.

^[62] Bruce Dawe, ‘Nemesis’, The Bulletin Literary Supplement, 1 November 1983, p. 81.

^[63] Cliff Watego, ‘Aboriginal Poetry and White Criticism’, in Jack Davis and Bob Hodge, eds, Aboriginal Writing Today, (Canberra, 1985), pp. 87-88.

^[64] Colin Johnson, ‘Song Twenty-Seven’, in The Song Circle of Jacky, and Selected Poems, (Melbourne, 1986), p. 40.

^[65] Tracy Maurer, ‘More Deaths in Police Custody Than Prisons’, The Australian, 5 March 1988, p. 3.

^[66] Johnson, ‘City Suburban Lines’, in The Song Circle of Jacky, p. 84.

^[67] ‘Song Five’, in ibid., p. 16.

^[68] Johnson, ‘Song Two’, in ibid., p. 13.

^[69] ‘Declaration of the Indigenous Nations of Our Place in Canada’s Constitution’, tabled at the Third General Assembly of the WCIP, Canberra, April/May, 1981.

^[70] Adapted in brief from the NAC’s ‘Position Paper on Indigenous Ideology and Philosophy’, and published in Identity, vol. 4, no. 4, Winter, 1981, p. 36.

^[71] Oodgeroo Noonuccal, ‘We Are Going’, in My People, p. 78.

^[72] Jim Dumont, ‘For Joe Mackinaw’, in Day and Bowering, eds, Many Voices: An Anthology of Contemporary Canadian Indian Poetry, (Vancouver, 1977), p. 49.

^[73] Gordon Williams, ‘The Last Crackle’, in ibid., p. 61.

^[74] Duke Redbird, ‘Tobacco Burns’, in ibid., p. 40.

^[75] Dumont, ‘For Joe Mackinaw’, in ibid., p. 50.

^[76] Noonuccal, ‘The Past’, in My People, p. 93.

^[77] Shirley Daniels, ‘Drums of My Father’, in Many Voices, p. 47.

^[78] Maureen Watson, ‘Black Child’, in Black Reflections, (Wattle Park, 1982), p. 13.

^[79] Eleanor Crowe, ‘Shadows’, in Many Voices, pp. 37-38.

^[80] Duke Redbird and Marty Dunn, Untitled concrete poem in Many Voices, p. 45.

^[81] Sarain Stump, There is My People Sleeping, (Sidney, B.C.,1970), pp. 14, 116.

^[82] Skyros Bruce, Untitled poem, in Many Voices, p. 77.

^[83] Leo Yerxa, ‘I Searched’, in Many Voices, p. 67.

^[84] Wayne Keon, ‘Moosonee in August’, in Many Voices, pp. 69-70.

^[85] Gordon Williams, ‘Justice in Williams Lake’, in Many Voices, p. 63.

^[86] Tutama Tjapangati, ‘Wangka Tjukutjuk’, Overland, no. 80, July, 1980, p. 32.

^[87] Tutama Tjapangati, ‘Aladayi’, The Bulletin Literary Supplement, 1 November 1983, p. 64.

^[88] Nosepeg Tjupurrula, ‘Pangkalangka dreaming’, The Bulletin Literary Supplement, 1 November 1983, p. 65.

^[89] Bobbi Sykes, ‘That Man’, in Love Poems and Other Revolutionary Actions, (Cammeray, 1979), p. 22.

^[90] Aileen Corpus, ‘Suicide 2’, Meanjin, vol. 36, no. 4, December, 1977, p. 473.

^[91] Aileen Corpus, ‘blkfern-jungal’, Meanjin, vol. 36, no. 4, December 1977, p. 470.

^[92] Cheryl Buchanan, Foreword to Kargun (North Brisbane, 1980), p. 4.

^[93] Lionel George Fogarty, ‘Capitalism – The Murderer in Disguise’, in Kargun, p. 93.

^[94] Fogarty, ‘You Who May Read My Words’, in Kargun, p. 78.

^[95] ‘Mr. Professor’, in ibid., p. 23.

^[96] ‘Please Don’t Take’, in ibid., p. 95.

^[97] Gary Foley’s speech at the launching of Yoogum Yoogum, Queensland Institute of Technology, Brisbane, September, 1982.

^[98] Chris Tiffin, ‘Language of Anger’, The Australian Book Review, vol. 48, Feb. /Mar., 1983, p. 18.

^[99] ‘Sentiment Transcends’, in Yoogum, Yoogum, (Ringwood, 1982), p. 50.

^[100] ‘Decorative Rasp, Weaved Roots’, in ibid., p. 14.

^[101] ‘To a Warm Veined Yubba: Billy Gorham’, in ibid., p. 98.

^[102] Cheryl Buchanan, Foreword to Ngutji, (Spring Hill [Queensland], 1984), n.p.

^[103] Colin Johnson, ‘Guerilla Poetry: Lionel Fogarty’s Response to Language Genocide’, Aspect, no. 34, August, 1986, p. 78.

^[104] Lionel Fogarty, ‘Ain’t No Abo Way of Communication’ in Kudjela, (Spring Hill [Queensland], 1983), pp. 58-59.

^[105] ‘Ambitious Nuclear War Whites’, in ibid., p. 154.

^[106] Kevin Gilbert, ‘Introduction’, in Gilbert, ed, Inside Black Australia: An Anthology of Aboriginal Poetry, (Ringwood, 1988), p. 156.

^[107] Quoted in Helen Tiffin, ‘Looking Back into the Future: Literature in the English Speaking Caribbean’, New Literature Review, no. 7, p. 6.

^[108] Colin Johnson, ‘Paperbark’, unpublished lecture delivered at the University of Queensland, 23 March 1988.

^[109] Personal interview with Mona Tur, Perth, February, 1983.

^[110] Ngitji Ngitji [Mona Tur], ‘Uluru’, unpublished ms. provided by the author in February 1983.

^[111] Leila Rankine, ‘The Coorong’, Social Alternatives, vol. 2, no. 4, June, 1982, p. 9.

^[112] Personal interview with Leila Rankine, Adelaide, February, 1982.

^[113] Personal interview with Gerry Bostock, Sydney, July, 1980.

^[114] Gerald L. Bostock, ‘Black Children’, in Black Man Coming, (Sydney, 1980), p. 18.

^[115] Gilbert, Inside Black Australia, p. xxiv.