Diane Smith has provided advice and assistance with the preparation of this paper. Her on-going support throughout this process has been gratefully received. Kate Senior, my principal PhD supervisor, has also provided valuable advice and support. I also thank Will Sanders, John Taylor, Janet Hunt, Stephanie Garling and fellow researchers at CAEPR for their advice and assistance and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Dominic McCormack, Tobias Nganbe and Leon Melpi have always provided expert and insightful advice in the field. Kevin Wanganeen, Terry Bullimore, Dale Seaniger, Rick Bliss, Mandy Leggatt, Mark Crocombe and John Marchant at Wadeye as well as Kevin, Nicole and Andrew at the North Australian Research Unit have been very supportive and helpful, and I thank them. My research is supported by Charles Darwin University, the Menzies School of Health Research and CAEPR, ANU. Most importantly, I have been advised and guided over the years by Aboriginal men and women from the Port Keats region and I am extremely grateful for their patience, knowledge and support.