The Structure of Social Networks

Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behaviour of these complex systems. In this chapter we will introduce some of the key concepts of complex networks and review some of the major findings from the field. Leading on from this background material we will show that analysing the patterns of interconnections between agents can be used to detect dominance relationships. Another important aspect of social order is the enforcement of social norms. By coupling network theory, game theory and evolutionary algorithms, we will examine the role that social networks (the structure of the interactions between agents) play in the emergence of social norms. Empirical and theoretical studies of networks are important stepping stones in gaining a deeper understanding of the dynamics and organisation of the complex systems that surround us.