12. The information systems academic discipline in Australian universities: a meta-analysis

Gail Ridley

IT Control Research Group

School of Accounting and Corporate Governance

University of Tasmania

Guy Gable

Faculty of Information Technology

Queensland University of Technology

Bob Smyth

Faculty of Information Technology

Queensland University of Technology

Shirley Gregor

School of Accounting and Business Information Systems

The Australian National University

Roger Clarke

Xamax Consultancy Pty Ltd

Canberra, Australia

Abstract

The meta-analysis chapter integrates and interprets data from earlier chapters in this monograph, drawing on the theoretical framework developed for the study. Mixed results were seen in the development of mechanisms of control and a core body of knowledge when analysis was made of information systems (IS) in Australian universities in the most recent years. The limitations on progress were related mainly to reduced IS enrolments and the associated decline in staff numbers and the autonomy of IS groups, along with the restructuring and relocation of many IS groups within universities. It appears, however, that the introduction of the Research Quality Framework (RQF) was intended to increase the quantity and quality of Australian IS research publications. While great diversity was reported regarding some components of the body of knowledge, the existence of key IS research topics was demonstrated from a national analysis, which was not evident from analysis at a local level. Little IS theory was reported, but recognition was given to the kind of theory that was appropriate for IS. When the development of Australian IS is considered over a longer period, significant progress has been made in some mechanisms of control, including steady growth in professorial appointments. Although local contingencies were found to have had an impact on the degree of professionalism, the study was not able to confirm that these two components of the framework—responsiveness to local contingencies and degree of professionalism—were inversely related. Information systems in Australia is not likely to be unique in its development relative to other parts of the world. The study concluded that, based on IS in Australian universities, IS might be regarded as a field rather than as a discipline.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Approach adopted
Size of the IS presence in Australian universities
Summary
Mechanisms of control
Publication records
Attracting research funding
Structural location and independence of IS groups
Other ways of attaining prestigious reputations
Summary
Core body of knowledge
Research and teaching methods and standards
Unique symbol set
Key IS topics in research and teaching
Laws, rules and evidenced guidelines
Impact of local contingencies versus degree of professionalism
Degree of professionalism
Impact of local contingencies
Linking the degree of professionalism and the impact of local contingencies
Australian responses to reduced ICT enrolments
Changes to organisational arrangements
Changes to IS curriculum
Changes in IS research
Summary
The RQF and its impact
Impact on the long-term viability of IS conferences
Summary
Limitations and future research
Conclusions
Select bibliography
Appendix 12.1: analysis of IS research topics by state

Introduction

This chapter sets out a consolidation and interpretation of data from previous chapters in this volume. By doing so it aims, in part, to present an overview of the IS academic discipline in Australian universities through the lens of the theoretical framework developed for the study by Ridley, which appears in Chapter 3 of this volume. The framework was derived from Whitley’s theory of scientific change (1984a, 1984b).

An assumption behind the framework is that the development of IS in Australian universities is a response to the pressures that act on the discipline. The framework provides a common means of analysing the data collected across a range of dimensions from different regions in Australia, and presented in this monograph. As outlined in the state chapters, individual states varied in the extent of their application of and reliance on this framework.

According to the framework, the maturity of the IS discipline in Australia can be evaluated on the basis of two constructs. The first construct is the extent to which mechanisms of control have been established. Key among these are means of reputation building and a core body of knowledge. The second construct is the extent to which professionalism is able to overcome the impact of local contingencies.

This chapter applies the two framework constructs to guide analysis of data presented in previous chapters of this volume, in particular in the case studies from each state and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Beyond the assessment of observed data against the proposed framework, this meta-analysis seeks to draw from the Australian data some observations on observed trends and tensions, with an emphasis on national and international factors impacting on the status of IS in Australian universities.