For Arabic words and names, this thesis uses the system of transliteration, which is applied in the discipline of Islamic studies, as employed The Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, under following principles:

Consonants:

Vowels:

Short: a = ´; i = ِ ; u = ُ

Long: a< = ا ; i> = ي ; ū = و

Diphthong: ay = ي ا ; aw = و ا

Arabic terms translated to English follow their original meanings, such as al-Ikhwa>n al-Muslimu>n is translated as the Muslim Brothers, rather than the Muslim Brotherhood. Indonesian phrases referring to proper names, names of persons, places and institutions are not italicized. Partai Keadilan, Jemaah Tarbiyah, Muhammdiyah, Partai Persatuan Pembangunan and the like are not italicized.

All references use the footnote system applied by Kate L. Turabian.^[] Starting with the name of the author and then followed in order by the title of the work, the place of the publication, the name of the publisher, the date of publishing, and page number. The three elements before the last are given in brackets, as shown here:

Michael Gilsenan, Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt: an Essay on the Sociology of Religion (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1973), 25.

Reference to a work that has already been cited in full form, but with intervening references, uses the author’s last name, a shortened title of book and page that is: Gilsenan, Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt, 25.