A variant of Islam perceived to be not of the ‘pure’ tradition which blends Muslim practice with local beliefs in Java

To recite the call to prayer; this ritual is also used by the villagers on entering the caves at Pamijahan

Religious scholar in the Sunda region

Formulaic chants given to pilgrims by the custodian and the ajengan

Genealogical term, “begat”, thus “he/she has offspring”

Divine favour, blessing received by any good Muslim. In the local context of Pamijahan, this could be a blessing given to the place, to the wali.

A chronicle, sometimes also indicates “a manual” for making something, i.e. Babad Kawung, see below.

The chronicle of Pamijahan

‘Instructions on the cultivation and use of the sugar palm’.

The Chronicle of Java

Sundanese machete

A book of history

Unskilled labourer in Pamijahan

Water from the spring in the cave of Pamijahan, the name is taken from a famous sacred spring in Mecca

Holy water from another spring in the cave, believed to give invulnerability

Water from another spring in the cave, believed to heal any physical ailment

“Home of believers”, the Islamic state

Village

The village of Pamijahan

Grand-grand father/mother, also used for ‘the ancestors”

Interpretation or advice given by religious experts regarding theological and juridical cases

Expert in Islamic jurisprudence

The “Sacred Cave”, the most revered site in Pamijahan

Traditions based on the actions and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad

“Gift”, the act of reciting holy texts as a gift for the souls of the dead

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Deprecatory name given by Dutch colonial officers to refer to the “rebel” from Karang

Traditional story, account, history

Pious activity

Local inauguration given to a person who has completed a certain stage of Sufi learning

Magical knowledge associated with the karang area, both pre-dating Islam and after

Muslim leader

Intellectual chain of transmission in Sufism

The “rock of the hat”, a formation in the wall inside the sacred cave

Long robe of Arabic style

Friday prayers

Regency

The term for a sacred space believed to have been inhabited and used for ritual purposes by the ancestors for centuries, yet still evident

Batin, the inner aspects of the human being, hence Kebatinan, a set of practices among Javanese mystics

Subdistrict

The main gate to the Pamijahan area

Unbeliever

Village

A traditional village located in the Tasikmalaya regency believed to have connections with the old Sundanese Kingdoms

Heritage

Sacred

Spatial concept referring to the Pamijahan entity

Spatial concept associated metaphorically with the tomb

Limestone,name of a place close to Pamijahan

“Single limestone formation, name of a place close to Pamijahan believed to have spiritual power derived from the pre-Islamic period

Ancestors

Our ancestors

Literary works

Ancestors’ words or sayings

Inner knowledge, Javanese mysticism

District attorney

Village administration

The disappearance of manuscripts

Leader of the four lines of family of the wali

Village head

Old or traditional literature

Leader of the Friday prayers as imam who may also give sermons

“Book of the Yellow Guide”, oldest manual of guidance on Sufism in Pamijahan

The Catechism of Shaykh Abdul Muhyi

Book of Sufi orders

Our ancestors, cf. karuhun

The “flowing of rivers”, genealogy, lineage

Book on the Qadiryyah and Naqshabandiyyah orders

Dagger

Bed canopy, the silk covering of the sacred tomb

Key bearers, custodians of the Pamijahan areas

Special knowledge believed to endow the adept with a capacity for quick learning; in the local context, the ability to be in two places at once

“Fish hatchlings”, metaphor given to the Pamijahan area as a place for developing spirituality

Sunset prayers

1. An advanced station in Sufism, 2. a grave yard

The grave of Bengkok

The grave of Panyalahan

The grave of Yudanagara

The grave of Kangjeng Shyakh

The seven grades of being, the mystical doctrine of the Shattariyah order

Tiger

Mosque

Sacred mosque

Incense

“White diet”, a program of fasting for one conducting mystical practice, consuming only rice and water.

The chief revivalist institution promoting a return to the Quran and the Sunnah

Old manuscripts, handwritten texts

Finding a path, way

Intention

A guide to the cave or graveyard

The people of West Java

Tomb

A place in the mosque from where the imam leads ritual

Custodianship

Place for worship

Interconnected/ness

The place for solving problems

Village of those accused of the wrong siting of their village

Villages free of taxes under the time of Mataram’s influence

Traditional Islamic boarding school

A person in charge in religious affairs; traditional intermediary between the village and state

Narration, words of the ancestors

The four “sides” around Abdul Muhyi’s tomb, used to indicate the lines of descent from the Saint’s wives;

a metaphor of social division

Government apparatus in the village dealing with local administrative matters

Spring water from a bamboo pipe

The “king who died at sea”

Customary tool, place regularly used for an activity, hence custom, tradition

Various texts important to the villagers, associated with local knowledge and Sufism, containing instructions and prohibitions

Place which has been used by ancestors, hence, grave

Javanese and Sundanese written in Arabic characters

Guidance

Mission (of Abdul Muhyi)

Sayings of the ancestors

Green leaves, new sprouts, associated with hope for the future

Aristocracy

Relatives, close linkages

Third month of the Islamic calendar, in which the birth of the Prophet is celebrated

Seventh month of the Islamic calendar, in which the Night Journey of the Prophet is celebrated

Narratives of the ancestors

Pupil in a pesantren

Daily prayers

The five daily formal obligatory prayers

Islamic law

The Shattariyah Sufi order

Literature

Old literature

Modern literature

History

Genre of narrative of pre- and early Islamic propagation in a region

Traditional literature

Our ancestors

Statement of Islamic doctrine, recited during the obligatory prayers, and on conversion

Cigar, often used by the locals in traditional Sundanese villages as an offering

Genealogy

Testaments

Illumination

The strings of custom

Instructions given to the murid (pupils) of a Sufi order; also instructions to the soul around the moment of death to prepare it for the hereafter

Forced agriculture, the enforced cultivation of plantation crops

Charity lands, once free from land tax, but today under government imposed taxes

The Way, Sufi order; also Sundanese word for any method or way to achieve an end

Sufi Order

Sufism

The Sundanese region

Mediation

Pilgrimage place

The first stage of visitation in Pamijahan

Place of sacred water

Place of healing water

Place for meditation

Place for coming “face to face with God”, place for contemplation or concentration

Indonesian Islamic soldiers of the Islamic separatist rebellion in West Java

Tombstone

Vigilance

Shattariyah order, Sundanese rendering

Batik trader

Successors

Arabic plural form of tarekah

Words or sayings of the ancestors, meaning close to tuturan in Sundanese

Sayings

Examination for achieving a degree

Islamic scholars

The Javanese people

People from the mountain

People from the east, hence, the Javanese

People of the Karang area

Hindus

The realities of mankind

The Unity of Being, mystical philosophy

Saint

The Nine Saints of Java

Cultural heritage

Ablutions performed before the formal prayers

The Reality, Essence of the Most High

The non-profit Institution of the sacred places of Pamijahan

Pilgrimage