Access Control Server (ACS) 128
Aerospace Surveillance and Battlespace Management (ASBM) (see under Battlespace)
Afghanistan 6, 66
Aircraft 6, 20, 25, 41, 76, 109, 111, 119, 127, 134–35;
  Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft (including Wedgetail) 17, 25, 28, 124, 126;
  AP-3C Orion 23, 25;
  F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet 28;
  F/A-18 Hornet 21, 24, 28;
  F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) 28;
  Multi-role tanker transport (MRTT) 25, 28;
  Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (including Global Hawk) 3, 6, 21, 25, 28, 41–42, 119, 121, 126, 132–36;
Air Defence Ground Environment Simulator (ADGESIM) 124
Air defence system (including Vigilare) 20, 27, 127, 136
Air Warfare Destroyer (AWD) (see under Naval vessels)
al-Qaeda 83(n16), 132, 135
Alberts, David 38
Arquilla, John 34
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 104
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) 123
Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) 108
Australian Computer Emergency Response Team (see under Computer Emergency Response Team)
Australian Defence Force (ADF) 1–3, 5–16, 18–21, 23–28, 34, 38–40, 53, 61–62, 81, 85–86, 90, 94, 103, 109, 112–13, 119–22, 124, 126, 130, 132–33, 135–36, 138, 143–44
Australian Defence Organisation (ADO) 33
Australian Defence Satellite Communications Capability (ADSCC) (see under Satellite)
Australian Federal Police (AFP) 104, 106–107, 122, 124–25
Australian Government Computer Emergency Readiness Team (GovCERT.au) (see under Computer Emergency Response Team)
Australian Government Information Management Office (AGIMO) 108
Australian High Tech Crime Centre (AHTCC) 104, 125
Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) 78, 125, 129 (see also intelligence agencies under Intelligence)
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) 106, 122, 125, 166 (see also intelligence agencies under Intelligence)

Battle Management System–Dismounted (BMS–D) 24
Battle Management System–Mounted (BMS–M) 24
battlespace 21–22, 26, 39, 111, 123–24;
  Aerospace Surveillance and Battlespace Management (ASBM) 22, 126;
  awareness in 5, 12–13, 16, 19, 25, 86, 119–20, 130;
  Battlespace Communications System (Land) 25, 27;
  transparency in 14
Boyd, John 82(n2), 83(n22)

Canada 21, 82(n9)
Capability Development Group 21–22, 27, 166
Cartwright, James F. 42
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 36, 132, 134, 138 (see also intelligence agencies under Intelligence)
Chief Information Officer Group (CIOG) 17, 123
Chief of Joint Operations (CJOPS) 138
China (see People’s Republic of China)
Coalition:
  networks 7, 9, 22–24, 26–27, 33, 109–110, 112–13;
  operations 2, 7–9, 15, 17, 26, 85;
  partners 9, 12, 83(n23), 87
Combat Control System (CCS) 127
Combat Information System (CIS) 127, 135
command and control (C2) 3, 7–8, 18, 20, 119, 121, 133;
  capability 25–27, 75, 88–89;
  command, control, communications and intelligence (C3I) 41, 133–34;
  command, control, communications,
  computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) 24, 39–40;
    Project Redfin 24, 28;
  command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and electronic warfare (C4ISREW) 22–23, 25–26, 59–60, 63, 65, 75, 81;
  grid 6, 16, 23, 124, 131;
  systems 1, 3, 11, 16–17, 21, 24, 26, 37, 44, 97, 111, 119, 121, 126, 132, 134, 139;
  (see also under Warfare)
commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) 13, 64, 97, 110
Common Relevant Operating Picture (CROP) 12
communications intelligence (COMINT) (see under Intelligence)
Communications Sector Infrastructure Assurance Advisory Group (CSIAAG) 106, 116(n100)
Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) 102–104, 126–27;
  Australian Computer Emergency Response Team (AusCERT) 92, 103, 114(n18), 126;
  Australian Government Computer Emergency Readiness Team (GovCERT.au) 103, 107
Computer Networks 4, 39–46, 48–50, 54(n19), 57(n60), 57(n72), 61–62, 71, 73, 82(n14), 91, 93, 97, 99–101, 103, 106, 109, 123, 125–28, 131, 133–35, 139–43;
  Blackberry blackout 82(n9);
  Computer Network Attack (CNA) 43, 67, 82(n14), 109, 135, 138;
  Computer Network Defence (CND) 21, 99, 138;
  Computer Network Exploitation (CNE) 68, 82(n14);
  Computer Network Operations (CNO) 43, 77–78, 80, 82(n14);
  Computer Network Vulnerability Assessment Program 106–107
Computers 19, 21, 35, 37, 39–40, 43–44, 47–50, 54(n19), 57(n60), 58(n80), 63, 70–72, 86, 93–94, 97, 100–101, 103, 107–108, 124, 139–42;
  ‘botnets’ 40, 48;
  Common Gateway Interface (CGI) 45, 56(n52);
  file types 39;
  Personal Computer (PC):
    growth of 34, 101, 142;
    security of 107, 111;
    viruses affecting 93, 101, 142;
  pro forma data codes 40–41, 127, 129, 143
  (see also Computer Networks; cyber-crime; Internet)
Connectivity 5, 7, 13, 16, 20–21, 23, 26, 36, 39, 47, 61, 63, 65, 67, 86–87, 95–99, 109, 113, 120, 133–36, 143
Cosgrove, Peter 6, 17–18
Council of Australian Governments (COAG) 116(n96)
Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) (see under Infrastructure)
critical infrastructure (see under Infrastructure)
cyber-attack capability (see under Warfare)
cyber-crime 3, 33, 47–49, 51–53, 57(n60), 72, 83(n19), 92–93, 103, 125, 140–41
cyber-forensics 47, 57(n64)
cyber-warfare (see under Warfare)
Cyber-warfare Centre (see under Warfare)

decision-to-act cycle 5, 14 (see also OODA loop)
Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation (DIGO) 36
Defence Information Infrastructure (DII) (see under Infrastructure)
Defence Information Systems Communications Element (DISCE) 138
Defence Intelligence Organisation (DIO) 77–78
  (see also intelligence agencies under Intelligence)
Defence Network Operations Centre (DNOC) 21, 138
Defence Planning Guidance 10
Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) 78, 124, 126–27, 133
Defence Signals Directorate (DSD) 4, 61, 77–78, 108, 120, 122–23, 125–26, 137;
  Information Security Group of 123
  (see also information security)
Delon, François 42
Denial of Service (DS) 4, 44–45, 48, 73, 99–101, 103, 128, 131, 139, 142;
  Distributed Denial of Service (DDS) 40, 45, 48–49, 107, 141
  (see also malicious software)
Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (DCITA) 107–108
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) 77
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (DPM&C) 4, 77, 137
Director General Capability Plans (DGCP) 122
Director General Integrated Capability Development (DGICD) 122
doctrine 1, 3–4, 11–12, 14–16, 18, 20, 27–28, 40, 61, 119, 121, 124, 133–35, 142
Domains 13, 23, 25, 27–28, 45–46;
  cognitive domain 13, 54(n19);
  information domain 13, 37, 63;
  Networked Coalition Domain 26;
  physical domain 8, 13

E-Security Coordination Group (ESCG) 122
E-Security Policy and Coordination (ESPaC) 107
electro-magnetic spectrum 122–24 (see also electro-magnetic pulse weapon under Weapons)
electronic countermeasures (ECM) 41, 124, 127, 134;
  electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) 124, 127
  (see also Electronic Warfare under Warfare)
electronic order of battle (EOB) data 131, 134
electronic support measures (ESM) 124, 134
Electronic Warfare (EW) (see under Warfare)
Electronic Warfare Operational Support Unit (EWOSU) (see under Warfare)
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) 52
Erbium [Er]-Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA) 129
Evans, Jonathan 42

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 47, 138
fibre-optics 50, 96, 99, 125;
  fibre-optic cables 20, 41, 62, 79–80, 94–95, 127, 129, 138
Force 2020 5–7, 15, 119–20, 130
Future Joint Operating Concept (FJOC) 7, 15

Global Information Infrastructure (GII) (see under Infrastructure)
Global Network Operations (GNO) 139
Global Positioning System (GPS) 34
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSMC) 123
Google search engine (see under Internet)

hackers, electronic warfare by (see hackers under Warfare)
Headquarters Joint Operations Command (HQJOC) 28, 137–38
high-frequency (HF):
  high-frequency interception 124;
  ultra high-frequency (UHF) 126, 138;
  very high-frequency (VHF) interception 124
  (see also radio frequency)
high-power microwave (HPM) penetration techniques 134 (see also under Weapons)
Hornet aircraft (see under Aircraft)
Houston, Angus 7
human intelligence (HUMINT) (see under Intelligence)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) flaw 127–28

imagery intelligence (IMINT) (see under Intelligence)
Information Age 5, 38, 59, 95, 120, 122
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 5, 50–51
Information Assurance (IA) 46, 64–66, 79, 86, 98–99, 110, 113
information infrastructure (see under Infrastructure)
information (open source) 9, 34–36 (see also Open Source Intelligence under Intelligence)
Information Operations (IO) 1–4, 9–10, 60–61, 67, 76–77, 82(n3), 86, 120–21, 125, 128, 131–36, 139, 142–43
information security (infosec) 17, 46–47, 52, 56(n56), 88–89, 96, 98, 113, 122–23
Information Superiority and Support (IS&S) Concept 10, 13, 18–19, 113, 142;
  collect-connect-use-protect framework as basis of 13;
  decision support as key component of 19, 44, 124;
  persistent awareness as key component of 19;
  pervasive security as key component of 19;
  ubiquitous network as key component of 19
Information Technology (IT) 17, 33, 36–41, 43, 46, 49, 51, 59–60, 77–78, 90, 92–93, 96, 98, 100, 104, 106–109, 125, 133, 135, 140–42;
Information Technology Security Experts Advisory Group 106
Information Warfare (IW) (see under Warfare)
Infrastructure 2–3, 9–10, 15–16, 19, 21–23, 26, 28, 33, 38–39, 41, 43, 46–47, 50–53, 59–76, 78–81, 85–86, 88–89, 93–94, 99–100, 103–106, 108–110, 121, 124;
  Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) 3, 33, 47, 49–50, 53, 85, 113;
  critical infrastructure 47, 50–52, 66, 88–89, 94, 99, 104–108, 116(n96);
    Critical Infrastructure Advisory Council (CIAC) 105–106, 116(n101);
    Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) 50, 88, 104–106, 116(n96, n101);
    Critical Infrastructure Protection Group (CIPG) 122;
    definition of critical infrastructure 104;
  Defence Information Infrastructure (DII) 2, 27, 38, 61–65, 67–69, 77, 80–81;
    definition of DII 62;
  Global Information Infrastructure (GII) 37, 51, 59, 61–65, 67–69, 77, 80–81;
    definition of GII 62;
  information infrastructure 3, 10, 15–16, 33, 38–39, 43, 46, 50, 53, 59–73, 75–76, 78, 80–81, 82(n5), 85, 103, 113, 122, 128, 131;
  National Information Infrastructure (NII) 3, 38, 53, 61–65, 67–69, 77, 80–81, 103, 122, 125–26, 136;
    definition of NII 61;
  Network Centric Warfare infrastructure 136;
  Trusted Information Infrastructure 85, 110–11, 113
Integration 6, 9, 15, 17, 22, 26–27, 86, 89, 109–110, 119, 122, 124, 135;
  sensor integration 12, 15–16, 37
  (see also NCW Integration under Network Centric Warfare; see Office of Warfighting Integration under Warfighting)
Intelligence 11–13, 21, 25, 27, 33–35, 64, 73–74, 77, 80–81, 87–88, 90, 97, 108, 111, 119, 121, 126, 130–31, 133–34, 137;
  communications intelligence (COMINT) 124, 136;
  human intelligence (HUMINT) 68, 78, 80;
  imagery intelligence (IMINT) 131;
  intelligence agencies 42–43, 49, 51, 121–23, 125, 130–32, 138;
  Intelligence and Security Group (I&SG) 123;
  Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) 76, 26, 124;
  Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) 35, 124, 136;
  signals intelligence (SIGINT) 80, 123, 131, 136
  (see also intelligence-based warfare under Warfare)
Intelligence and Security Group (I&SG) (see under Intelligence)
Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) (see under Intelligence)
International Force East Timor (INTERFET) 124
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 46–47, 56(n56)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) 82(n1)
Internet 34–36, 42–43, 45–50, 53, 58(n80), 60–62, 70, 72, 75, 77, 79, 83(n15, n20), 86–87, 91–99, 101–105, 112–13, 120, 124, 126, 128–30, 136, 138, 140;
  Google search engine 91, 128;
  Internet Exchange Point (IXP) 130;
  Internet Protocol (IP) 24, 49, 96, 126;
    Non-classified Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNeT) 43;
  Internet Security System (ISS) 128;
  Internet Service Provider (ISP) 106, 108, 125;
  Internetwork Operating System (IOS) 128;
  Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) 99, 129
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) 44, 46, 49, 57(n72), 96, 102, 110
Iraq conflict (2003—) 6, 72, 83(n23), 135
Issue Motivated Group (IMG) 67, 69, 72–73

Japan Defense Agency (JDA) 141, 147(n79)
Jiabao, Premier Wen 42
Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) 20, 126
Joint Functional Component Command:
  Joint Functional Component Command for Network Warfare (JFCC-NW) 138;
  Joint Functional Component Command for Space and Global Strike (JFCC-SGS) 138–39
Joint Information Operations Warfare Center (JIOWC) 139
Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) (see under Aircraft)

Lasers 20, 99, 136 (see also under Weapons)
Legislation 10, 48–49, 52, 55(n66), 56(n56), 57(n67), 90–91, 103, 135
Libicki, Martin 37
Local Area Network (LAN) 23, 96
  Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 126
Logistics 10, 12, 14–15, 21, 24–25, 60, 67, 74, 80, 92, 97, 109, 121, 126, 129, 134
Lord, William 43

malicious software (malware) 45, 48, 71, 73, 83(n21), 97, 100, 107–108;
  computer virus 4, 39, 42, 44–45, 48, 53, 58(n80), 73, 77, 92–93, 96, 99–103, 109–110, 127–28, 131, 134, 139–40, 141–42;
  Trojan horse 4, 45, 48, 65, 77, 127–28, 131, 134, 139, 142;
  worm 44–45, 48, 58(n80), 73, 77, 96, 99, 101, 127–28, 131, 134;
    Blaster worm 101, 128;
    Code Red worm 101, 128;
    MyDoom worm 101, 128;
    Myfip worm 39;
    Santy worm 128;
    Sasser worm 96;
    Slammer worm 128;
    SoBig worm 96, 101–102, 128;
    Witty worm 128
management:
  access management 88–89, 110;
  identity management 88–91, 106, 110, 113, 128;
  risk/threat management 44, 82(n12), 88–89, 102, 104
  (see also under network)
Maritime Advanced SATCOM Terrestrial Infrastructure System (MASTIS) (see under Satellite)
Maritime Tactical Wide Area Network (MTWAN) 23–24
Merkel, Angela 42
Multidimensional Manoeuvre (MDM) 7–8, 12, 16, 44

National Counter-Terrorism Committee (NCTC) 88, 106, 116(n96)
National Illicit Drug Strategy (NIDS) 125
National Information Infrastructure (NII) (see under Infrastructure)
National Intelligence Service (NIS) 141 (see also Intelligence)
National Open Source Center (NOSC) 35–36
National Security Agency (NSA) 138 (see also intelligence agencies under Intelligence)
Naval Communications Area Master Station Australia (NAVCAMSAUS) 138
Naval Communications Station Canberra (NAVCOMMSTA) 138
Naval Network Warfare Command (NNWC) 139
Naval vessels 4, 20, 41, 76, 124, 143;
  Air Warfare Destroyer (AWD) 21, 24–25, 28, 119, 127;
  ANZAC frigate 21, 24;
  Canberra-class amphibious ships 26, 28
network:
  architecture of 2, 19–20, 26, 88, 96–97, 99, 110, 112, 127;
  management of 17–44, 77, 88, 90, 96, 110;
  Network Access Point (NAP) 130;
  Network Admission Control (NAC) 128;
  Network Operations Centre (NOC) 126;
  robustness of 9, 11–12, 22, 26–27, 99, 109, 112–13, 136
  (see also Internet)
Network Centric Warfare (NCW) 1, 2, 5–8, 11–22, 26–28, 65, 85–86, 112–13, 120–24, 126–27, 130–32, 135–36, 143;
  NCW Concept paper 7, 10, 11–16, 120, 135;
  NCW Integration 122–23;
  NCW Roadmaps 2, 10, 15–18, 20, 22–23, 120, 123, 131, 135, 143;
    milestones of 22–24, 26, 28, 30(n43), 120;
    Roadmap Integration Plan 20;
  Network Centric Warfare Project Office (NCWPO) 122–23;
  priorities and benchmarks of 14–15
  (see also under Infrastructure; see also Warfare)
Networked Battle Group 22–24
Networked Coalition Combat Force 23, 26
networking 1, 3, 6–7, 12, 19–20, 24–27, 99, 108, 119, 121, 131–32, 136–37, 143
New Zealand 21
Non-classified Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNet) (see under Internet)
Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) 77, 85
Nye, Joseph 35

OODA loop (observe-orient-decide-act) 82(n2)
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) (see under Intelligence)

Parakeet radio 20
Pearl, Daniel 83(n15)
People’s Liberation Army (see under People’s Republic of China)
People’s Republic of China (PRC) 42–43, 76, 82(n1, n11), 139–40;
  People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 43, 139
Personal Computer (see under Computers)
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) 60, 110
Personal Identification Number (PIN) code 106, 125
Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) 126
psychological operation (psyop) 59, 67, 74–75, 77–78, 80–81, 95 (see also psychological warfare under Warfare)
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) 110

radio frequency (RF) 126 (see also highfrequency; see also under Weapons)
Rapid Prototyping and Development (RPD) 15–16, 18;
Rapid Prototyping, Development and Evaluation (RPDE) 18, 20, 27
  (see also NCW Roadmaps under Network Centric Warfare)
Remberg, Hans Elmar 42
research and development (R&D) 27–28, 46, 104, 106, 125–28
Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) 138
Ronfeldt, David 34
Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) 20, 119, 124
Royal Australian Navy (RAN) 20, 119, 130, 138
Rules of Engagement (ROE) 3, 78, 121, 134–35

Satellite 7, 20, 27, 36, 38, 41, 50, 61–63, 74, 78, 80, 95, 123, 129–30, 136, 138, 140;
  Australian Defence Satellite Communications Capability (ADSCC) 138;
  Maritime Advanced SATCOM Terrestrial Infrastructure System (MASTIS) 23;
  Optus satellite 17, 126;
  Palapa satellite system 123;
  Rhyolite geostationary SIGINT satellite 136;
  satellite communications 17, 20–21, 25, 27, 41, 119, 123, 127, 134;
  satellite telephone (Satphone) 123
Security Impact Statement (SIS) 52
Short Message Service (SMS) 75, 125
signals intelligence (SIGINT) (see under Intelligence)
situational awareness 6, 19–21, 128, 131, 143;
  shared situational awareness 7, 11–14, 16, 26, 120, 124, 131, 143
Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) 107–108
Special Air Services Regiment (SASR) 24
Special Operations Command (SOCOMD) 24
Standard Defence Supply System (SDSS) 25
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) 70, 120
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) 95–96
Sychronisation 7, 9, 12–14, 21, 27–28, 38, 86;
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) 130
Szafranski, Dick 37

Toffler, Alvin and Heidi 34
training and education 9, 11–12, 14–16, 18, 20, 27–28, 35–36, 39, 46–47, 60, 70, 93, 100, 110, 112, 140
Trusted Information Sharing Network (TISN) 105–106, 116(n96) (see also Trusted Information Infrastructure under Infrastructure)
Tzu, Sun 37

ultra high-frequency (UHF) (see under highfrequency)
ultra-wide band (UWB) weapon (see under Weapons)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) 45, 56(n51)
uninterrupted power systems (UPS) 63
United Kingdom 21, 42
United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 142
United States 2, 20–21, 27, 42–43, 49, 65, 82(n9), 85, 88–89, 91–94, 126, 138–39, 141;
  Oak Ridge, TN 42;
  terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 on 66, 85, 93;
  US Commerce Department 42;
  US Congress 19, 35, 42–43;
  US Department of Defense 42, 49, 62, 98, 139;
  US Department of Homeland Security 104, 138;
  US National Intelligence Council 35;
  US Pentagon 43, 135;
  US State Department 42;
  US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) 42, 138
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (see under Aircraft)

very high-frequency (VHF) interception (see under high-frequency)
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) (see under Internet)

Waltz, Ed 5, 33, 37–38, 54(n19), 102
‘war on terror’ 2, 120, 132
Warfare:
  command and control warfare 34, 37–38, 41;
  cyber-attack capability 42–43, 72, 75, 93, 112;
  cyber-warfare 1, 3–4, 43, 55, 99, 108, 121, 123–26, 128, 130, 132–44;
  Cyber-warfare Centre 4, 10, 36, 112–13, 119–22, 127–31, 133–34, 136–38, 142-44;
  economic information warfare 38;
  Electronic Warfare (EW) 1, 25, 37, 41, 124, 139–40;
    Bunyip 25;
  Electronic Warfare Operational Support Unit (EWOSU) 124;
  hackers 37, 42, 44, 51, 53, 58(n80), 73, 93, 95–96, 99, 101, 133, 140–41;
  Information Warfare (IW) 1–4, 10, 33, 36–40, 46, 51, 53, 54(n19), 55(n28), 119–20, 124, 131–35, 139–43;
  intelligence-based warfare 37;
  psychological warfare 37, 59, 67–70, 74–75, 142
Warfighting 7–8, 10–12, 14, 16–18, 20–21, 24, 26, 37, 60, 67, 74, 76, 120;
  Office of Warfighting Integration (USAF) 43
Weapons 2, 6, 33–34, 37, 40–41, 63, 76, 78, 93, 97, 103, 131;
  electro-magnetic pulse weapon 40;
  laser weapon 41, 78;
  radio frequency weapon 41;
    high-power microwave weapon 41;
    ultra-wide band weapon 41;
  weapon systems 4, 6, 17, 21, 40, 124, 127, 131, 142
whole-of-government approach 8, 26, 34, 36, 85, 107, 111
whole-of-nation approach 2, 7, 10, 111
wireless application protocol (WAP) 41, 127
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (see under Local Area Network)
World Wide Web (see Internet)