Abigail, Peter J. 55–8, 60–5, 71–5, 77–9, 81
administration vii, 2, 9n19, 21n18, 21n24, 45, 47, 62–3, 67, 87, 100–1, 104, 111, 118, 124n12, 124n13, 124n15, 124n24, 124n26, 172n5, 211
  administrative support 46, 72, 87, 119, 182, 203–4
  personnel administration 87, 160
Afghanistan ix, 166
Ahearn, Ian F. 47
aid 106n10, 145, 200
  humanitarian aid 145
    Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aid 145
  multilateral aid 50
  (see also AusAID)
aircraft 3, 5, 19, 22n52, 24, 35–40, 93, 105, 112–14, 136, 140–1, 156 (see also under Royal Australian Air Force)
Air Commander (see under Royal Australian Air Force)
air force (see Royal Australian Air Force)
alliances 3, 8n7, 16–17, 88, 183
Area of Operations vii, 2, 80, 105, 118, 150n38, 183
Arnison, Peter M. 35, 37, 55–62, 73–5, 77–8, 82n15, 115, 160
AusAID (see also aid) 118
Australia 79–81, 85, 88, 91n16, 93–5, 98, 100, 102, 104, 109–10, 115, 128–9, 135, 147, 158, 163, 165–6, 169
  Australian military forces 19, 86
  capabilities 159, 177
    lack of 47, 60, 97, 112, 126n58
    military vii, xvi, 2–3, 7n2, 12, 75, 136, 155, 181
  cities:
    Brisbane 86, 89, 99, 114, 122, 131, 146
    Canberra ix, 24, 33–5, 40, 45, 48, 54–5, 57–60, 62–3, 81, 85–7, 95– 101, 117, 119–20, 130–33, 135, 137, 146, 155, 170–1
    Darwin 1, 16, 85–6, 89, 130–6, 138, 140–2, 145–7, 156
    Melbourne 12, 31, 61, 111, 113, 128, 156, 161
    Townsville 14, 24, 32, 35, 38, 40, 49, 56–7, 61–3, 65–7, 71, 77, 81, 99, 101, 105, 114–15, 130, 132, 139– 40, 142: Townsville Air Base (see under Royal Australian Air Force: bases)
  Cocos Islands 28n10, 177
  Gulf of Carpentaria 55, 63
  Northern Territory 122, 133, 136, 138– 9, 146
  reputation of 7, 127, 158, 160, 163, 168
  resupply from 112–13, 119, 122, 131, 138, 146
  strategic thinking of vii–iii, 1–127, 158–9, 163, 168, 187
    continental defence 13, 159
    ‘defence-in-depth’, xv, 18, 23
    geographical frontline 85
    isolationism 1, 159
    sea and air gap 159
Australian Army 14–15, 18–19, 186, 193
  Army Joint Support Plan 47
  Army Office 35, 40, 47, 49
  Army Operations Support 78
  attaché 137, 149n18
  force projection 5, 13, 160, 162–3
  formations and units:
    3rd Brigade 24, 34:
      support to Operation Bel
  Isi (Bougainville 1997–98), 99, 122;
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 54–8, 62–3, 67, 78, 83n32; Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 32, 35, 37, 47, 49, 51n20; Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999), 122, 132, 135–7, 139, 141–2, 145–6, 153n116
    9 Force Support Battalion (see under Logistic Support Force under logistics: headquarters, formations and units)
    10 Force Support Battalion (see under Logistic Support Force under logistics: headquarters, formations and units)
    Advance Company Group (ACG): Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 32–3, 35, 37, 40, 42n34
    Moorebank Logistic Group (see under logistics: headquarters, formations and units)
    Royal Australian Regiment (RAR) 17, 140, 142: 1st Battalion (1 RAR) 17, 32, 35, 38, 41n17, 57, 63; 2nd Battalion (2 RAR) 140–1, 148, 169; 3rd Battalion (3 RAR) 142, 169; combat troops 79, 135, 139, 141: ammunition carriage 149n1; rapid response command 171
      helicopters: Black Hawk 64, 71, 133
    support to:
      Butterworth Air Base, Malaysia, 22n52; Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 93, 95, 103, 106, 115: cultural dimensions 123; ignorance of culture 119; welcoming ceremonies 102; Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994), 58, 66–7, 71–3, 76–7, 80–1, 83n32: culture, ceremony and status 66; Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 36–7, 49; Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 133, 137
  headquarters:
    Deployable Joint Force Headquarters (DJFHQ) role 86–7, 89–90, 128, 155: support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 96, 107n46; support to Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131: concept of operations 135, 137, 146
    Land Headquarters: support to DJFHQ 122; support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 96, 100–1, 103: command duplication 105, 106n14, 107n27, 109–12, 115; assessment of 120, 122–3, 124n22, 125n50, 126n58; support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 54, 56–9, 61–3: orders 64, 67; assessment 72, 75–7, 80–2, 82n15, 83n25, 83n32; support to Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 33, 36, 38, 40, 42n34: assessment of 47, 49; Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131, 150n37
  Land Commander 36, 42n46, 55, 85, 95, 115, 119–20, 123, 131, 161
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) 94, 98, 110
Australian Defence Force (ADF) xv, 19, 23, 55, 71, 74, 85, 94, 109, 165–6, 181, 186
  ADF Warfare Centre 173n15
  Australian CINC 89
  joint environment 128
  senior officers 155
  commanders:
    Commander—Australian Theatre 85–90, 91n3, 104, 128, 137, 160: bypass 152, 157; co-location 85, 157; commanders 98, 160; efficacy 128; environmental command 34; failure of theatre command 161; theatre command 111, 118, 121, 129
    Commander—Air Command (see Royal Australian Air Force: Air Commander)
    Commander—Land Command (see Australian Army: Land Commander)
    Commander—Maritime Command (see under Royal Australian Navy as Maritime Commander)
    Commander—Northern Command (COMNORCOM) 85–6, 89, support to Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131–2, 136, 138
    Commander Support Command— Australia (see under logistics)
 headquarters:
    Australian Defence Force Headquarters (HQ ADF) 20, 24, 33, 45, 54, 87–9, 96, 132–3, 155, 185, 207: Australian Defence Force Command Centre (ADFCC) 77; Australian Defence Force Intelligence Centre (ADFIC) 60–1, 63; devolved decision-making 128, 133, 161; Joint Logistics Section 20
  Australian Defence Headquarters (ADHQ) 87–9, 96, 132–3, 155
   Headquarters Australian Theatre (HQAST) Australian Theatre Joint Intelligence Centre (ASTJIC) 85, 120: establishment of 85–90, 128–9, 149n11, 150n31, 206; failure of Theatre Command 161; transition from strategic to operational decision making 90, 105, 161
    support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 96–7, 100–4, 108n58, 117: assessment 161; command and control duplication 105, 109, 126n58; joint logistic component commander 110; logistic instructions 111
    support to Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131–2, 147, 150n37: assessment 155; command and control, 133–4, 138, 152n89
 senior staff and committee:
  Assistant Chief of the Defence Force–Operations (ACOPS) 81, 93, 110
  Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) 20, 32, 46, 53, 76, 85, 128, 160, 166
  Chief of the Defence Force Staff (CDFS) 19
  Chief of the General Staff (CGS) 13, 36, 42n46
  Chief of Navy Staff (CNS) 36
  Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) 34, 45, 85, 128, 186, 206–7: examination of operational performance 156, 168
  Director Joint Operations (DJOPS) 33, 56, 61
  Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF) 20, 54, 90, 117
Australian Government:
 Cabinet:
  consideration of Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 95, 98
  consideration of Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 46, 57–8, 64, 78, 82
  consideration of Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 36–8, 38
  consideration of Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 128, 135
 Department of Defence ix, 14, 163, 166–7, 168
  rapid response command 171–2, 175n37 179
  support to: Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 95, 98, 100; Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 57–8, 60, 93; Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 48; Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 130, 150n39, 152, 155
 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)
  diplomats 54, 63, 81
  support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98), 94: diplomats 95, 97–8, 104, 117–8, 122–3
  support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 57–8, 63: diplomats 54, 63, 81
  support to: Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 33–4, 46, 48: cables 49
 Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet 46
 Hawke Government 31–2, 37
 Howard Government 167
 National Security Committee of Cabinet (NSCC) 135–6
 Prime Minister of 25, 31, 71, 81, 93, 107n33, 129
 Whitlam Government 18
Australian Light Armoured Vehicle (see under vehicles)
Australian National Audit Organisation: Operation Stabilise audit 169
Australian Public Service: support to Operation Bel Isi
(Bougainville 1997–98) 105, 117, 122
Australian Special Forces (see forces: Special Forces)
Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) 167, 173n6
Australian Theatre 128 (see also Australian Defence Force: Headquarters Australian Theatre)
Australian Theatre Joint Intelligence Centre (see headquarters Australian Theatre under Australian Defence Force: headquarters)
Ayerbe, Tony 62
Ayling, Steve H. 74, 151n48

Baker, John S. 54, 58, 60–1, 76–7, 85, 87–9, 91n3, 96–7, 101, 105, 107n33, 107n46, 111, 116–19, 121, 123, 128, 160
Banister, Gary R. 125n50
Barnard, Lance 18
Barrie, Chris A. 90, 117, 128, 130–6, 138, 146, 152n89, 161
Bartlett, David J. 125n51
bases 37
 home vii, xv, 5–6, 11
 mounting and forward operating
 bases 61, 148, 159, 162: rapid response command 171
 mounting base operations 156, 160
 (see also Royal Australian Air Force: bases)
Bavadra, Timoci 24–5, 31, 36
Bean, C.E.W. 7, 14, 165, 168–9
Beaumont, Alan L. 53–6, 58–9, 61–2, 65–6, 75–8, 81, 121
Beazley, Kim C. 23, 31, 33–4, 37, 85
Bell, David 97
Bennett, Phillip 19–20, 24, 36, 45–6, 160
Bertram, John F. 47
Birks, Alan L. 93, 96–100, 104
Blake, Murray 105, 115, 160
Blaxland, John 135
Boer War (see under wars)
Bolger, Jim 93
Bonser, Mark F. 131–2, 136, 138
Bougainville (see under Papua New Guinea)
Bougainville Crisis Action Team (see under Papua New Guinea: Bougainville)
Bougainville Revolutionary Army (see under Papua New Guinea: Bougainville)
Boyd, Craig W. 115–6, 131
Bridges, W.T. 13
Britain:
 Australian military assistance to 11–16, 13, 16
 force projection 4, 174n36
 involvement in Fiji 25–6, 32
 involvement in Vanuatu 28n16
 strategic posture 172n5
 support to Operation Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 27, 139
 withdrawal East of Suez 17–18
Brown, Malcolm 32
Brownrigg, Ken A. 137, 139–40, 149n18
Bryant, Jim L. 142–4
Buchanan, David J. 80–1
Byrne, Michael J. 125n51

Cambodia xv
Cameron, Stewart R. 139, 153n101
Canada 139
 civil support capability 156
 land force capabilities 17, 159
 staff capability 155
Casey, Steve M. 143–4
Cassidy, Richard P. 95, 100, 106n16
Cavenagh, Grant D. 147
Chalmers, Don 58, 65
Chamberlain, Joseph 12
Chan, Julius 53–5, 59, 64–5, 67, 71, 74–5, 78–9, 93
Chidgey, Colin 63, 66, 82n2
China 11–12
Chisnell, Grant A. 143–4
coalition 135, 145, 167, 183
 contingents 147
 government 18, 25, 36, 93
 operations 6, 76, 131, 141, 145
Cockburn, Milton 38
Cold War 5, 11, 17, 19, 127, 165
 operations 22n52
command and control viii, 2, 7n2
 arrangements for:
  Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force 5
  forward operating bases 180
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 104–5, 111, 117–18, 120–1
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 58–9, 65
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 46–8
  Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 155–7, 161, 200
  UK military 8n11
  US military 8n12
 chain of command 58–9, 90, 104, 117, 120, 122, 132, 159, 162, 169, 177–8
 joint command and control viii, 14, 17, 20, 85–7, 106, 123, 129, 159
  arrangements for 19–20, 76, 86
  centre 87
  consolidation viii
  joint logistic command and control 109, 122
  lack of rehearsal 159–60, 170
  Service opposition to 85, 121–2, 170, 172
  weakness in 109, 129, 155
 levels of command 3, 5–6, 48, 58, 131
  challenges to coordinate 48
  emphasis on operational and tactical 4
  integration for East Timor 1999 133
  operational 36, 76, 79, 88, 111, 118, 121, 130: assessment 47, 158–9, 161
  strategic 36, 48, 58, 79, 88, 90, 100, 130, 133, 155: assessment 158–9, 169
  tactical 55, 58, 76, 79: impact of Information Age on 4; pressure from higher levels viii, 40, 46–7, 54, 58, 78, 86, 103, 130, 149n10, 159, 162
  technical and administrative 65, 171–2, 175n36, 177, 183
  theatre 88, 98, 111, 118, 121: co-location 85, 157; commanders 98, 160; creation 160; failure of 161; negative assessment 129; positive assessment 128, 155
  unity of 86, 128
Commander—Air Command (see under Royal Australian Air Force as Air Commander)
Commander Australian Theatre (see under Australian Defence Force)
Commander—Joint Logistics (see under logistics: commanders)
Commander—Land Command (see under Australian Army as Land Commander)
Commander—Maritime Command (see under Royal Australian Navy as Maritime Commander)
Commander—Northern Command (see under Australian Defence Force: commanders)
Commander—Support Command–Australia (see under logistics: commanders)
communications vii, 2, 7n2, 17, 58, 77
 arrangements for:
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 94, 96–8, 100, 102, 116–7, 121, 126n58, 145: Signals Squadron 116
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 58–61: problems 67, 72–6, 81, 82n15, 83n32, 103; Signals Squadron 83n32
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 36, 38, 40, 42n42, 45, 47–8 Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131, 155
 Director General, Joint Communications and Electronics 72
 dysfunction 155, 178
 equipment 38, 116–17
  e-mail/email 154n127
  high-frequency receivers 72–3
  RAVEN tactical radios 73
  satellite (Inmarsat) 67, 72–4, 102, 131
  telephone 37–8, 46, 58, 67, 72, 77, 101, 115
 Joint Communications Planning Group 72, 75
 low-level 79, 102, 117
 personnel 36, 116
 radio operators 73, 116
 signals 67n4, 80, 102, 117, 124n22, 126n58
  signaller 144
Connolly, Jim M. 54, 58, 60–6, 81, 90–1, 96–9, 101–5, 107n33, 107n46, 110–11, 117–23, 128
contracting 14, 28n15, 93
 opposition to 146, 154n125
control administrative 65
 rapid response command 171, 175n36, 177
 technical 65, 175n36, 183
cooperation 12, 15, 33
 between Australian and New Zealand diplomats 94–5
 between environmental commanders 86–7, 121, 129, 133, 163, 160–1
 logistic 111, 160
 with Indonesian security forces 134, 143
coordination 3, 28n16, 97, 107n27
 air movements 35, 112, 124n13, 156, 139
 collapse in Darwin 145
 delegates 79
 evacuation 33, 37, 40, 63
 ineffective 103, 109–11, 120, 122, 134, 147, 161
 intelligence 47, 60–1
 joint operations 47
 joint procedures 47
 logistic 46
 navy-army 72
 ship loading 160
 surveillance 85
 withdrawal of PNGDF forces 66
Cosgrove, Peter J. 131–41, 145, 148, 161–2, 166–7, 170–1
Cronin, John O. 57, 63
Crouch, Harold 149n17
Cousins, Don C. 131, 139–41, 145, 147
Culleton, John J. 96–7, 100, 107n33, 107n35, 109–13, 115

D’Hage, Adrian S. 33
Dawson, Brian R. 42n34
Defence Intelligence Organisation (DIO) 57, 59–60, 76, 91n16, 130
 dissatisfaction with 76, 81, 120, 155
Defence National Supply and Distribution Centre (DNSDC) 146, 157
 dissatisfaction with 163, 164n14
Defence Papers:
 Australian Approach to Warfare 167, 187
 Australian Defence (1976) 19
  rapid response command 171, 175n37
 Defence 2000: Our Future Defence Force 167, 187
 Defending Australia 1994 187
 Force 2020 166, 188
 National Security: A Defence Update 167, 188
 The Defence of Australia (1987) xv, 15, 23, 158–9, 177, 187
Defence Security Branch (DSB) 91n16
Defence Signals Directorate (DSD) 91n16, 152n81
 radio intercepts 152n81
Dennis, Mike 47
Dennis, Peter 169
Deployed Forces Support Unit (see under logistics: headquarters, formations and units)
deployment (also known as force deployment) 178
 arrangements for:
  Operation Anode (Solomon Islands 2003) 167–8: assessment 173n15
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 104, 109, 117: dissatisfaction with 119, 121–2
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 71–2
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 35–40
  Operation Solace (Somalia 1993) 105
  Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 134–6, 138–9, 142, 146: assessment 155, 161;
 assignment of forces 162
  Vietnam 1966 133
 dependence on allies 155
 lack of rehearsal 159, 162–3
 rapid response command 171
 unsatisfactory 158, 160–1, 169
detention 64, 74
Dexter, David 7
Dibb, Paul 23–4, 158–9
Downer, Alexander 93–5, 97, 101, 104, 129, 132, 135
Draunidalo, Sevenaca 57, 64, 74, 78, 82n6
Ducie, Greg 57, 63

Earle, Rod 78, 80
East Timor vii, ix, xv, 134, 146
 auxiliaries (militia) 127, 129, 130, 134–7, 140, 142, 144–5, 149n19, 150n25
 Balibo 148
 Dili (1999) 127, 129, 134, 136–7, 139, 145, 147
  air bridge to 140–1, 153n101, 162
  establishing a secure
  environment 139–42, 145, 162, 168
  Dili Harbour 141, 145, 147
  Komoro Airfield 139, 147, 162
  UN compound 135, 137
 East Timorese 129–30, 134–5, 140
  punishment of 134, 137, 149n19, 152n81
 infrastructure 162
  destruction of 137, 152n81
 intelligence assessment 130
 Liquica 149n19
 Maliana 134, 148
 political status 130
 pro-independence forces 129–30, 134
 sacking of 135, 137
 stabilisation intervention in 3, 6–7, 127, 129, 131–3, 135–40, 145–8, 157, 160–3, 167, 169
 territorial battalion 127, 130, 138, 143–4, outriders 143
Egypt 15
 Suez 17–18
embassies, consulates and high commissions:
 Australian Consulate in East Timor 137
 Australian Embassy in Jakarta 139
 Australian High Commission in Fiji 35, 40, 49
 Australian High Commission in Port Moresby 55, 57
 New Zealand High Commission in Fiji 31
emergencies 7, 8n3, 11–12, 105, 116, 158, 166
 humanitarian 1
 contingency stocks for 141
 rapid response command 171–2
 regional emergencies 166, 172
 rehearsals for 50
 standby for 28n16, 28n24, 32, 34, 37, 161
Endeavour Accords 58 (see also under Papua New Guinea: Bougainville)
engineering 57, 97, 101–2, 104, 147–8
Espiritu Santo Rebellion (Vanuatu, 1980) 24, 28n16, 50
Europe 15
 Australian military projection to 13, 15
evacuation operations:
 East Timor 130, 136–7
 Fiji 34, 37, 47, 50
Evans, Gareth 31, 37, 53–4, 59, 67n4
Evans, Mark 132, 135, 137–8, 140–5, 152n73, 162
exercises:
 command-post exercises 66, 85
 Crocodile 85, 91, 129
 field exercises in the north 1, 138, 146, 159–60, 162
 Kangaroo 19, 85, 122, 129, 138, 153n91, 160
 Swift Eagle 56–7, 62–3

Faithfull, Kim 115
Fielding, Marcus C. 135, 153n116
Fiji 25, 27, society 25–7
 Bavadra Government 25–6, 27, 31–2, 37
 military coup 1987
  Air New Zealand hijacking at Nadi Airport, 35
  Constitution 25, 27, 31, 34–5
  Council of Advisors 36
  Council of Ministers 25, 31, 35–6
  Fijian Nationalist ‘Taukei Movement’ 26–7, 28n24
  Fijians’ responses 25–6, 28n24, 31–2, 34, 37
  Governor General of 25, 31–2, 35–7
  Great Council of Chiefs of 35, 37
  Indians’ responses 25–6, 28n32, 31–2, 34–5, 37–40
  police force 27, 33, response to rioting and looting 32, 37–8
  possible air or sea evacuation 42n47, 46
  Queen Elizabeth Barracks 24
  raids on media 27, 32
  Suva 24, 31–2, 34–5, 57
 Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF):
  military coup 1987 24–7, 28n24, 32–6, 38
  support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 119
  support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 53, 55–7, 61, 65, 81, 82n6
 threat from 47
force:
 command (see command and control)
 deployment (see deployment)
 employment (see functions of force
 projection: employment)
 preparation (see functions of force projection: generic force preparation; see functions of force projection: specific force preparation)
 projection:
  Australian xv–xvi, 3, 7, 11, 89, 128, 157, 163, 167
  cycle of xv, 3
  enabling functions of (see under functions of force projection)
  history of 11–17, 19
  planning 61, 78
  political and cultural
 dimensions of 3, 123
  synchronisation of 89
 protection (see functions of force projection: protection)
 reconstitution (see functions of force projection: reconstitution)
 redeployment (see functions of force projection: redeployment)
 rotation (see functions of force projection: rotation)
 sustainment (see logistics)
Force Structure Review 146
forces:
 1st Australian Imperial Force (AIF) 13–15, 49
 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) 21n36
 Australian Force-Somalia 83n28, 83n40
 Australian Naval and Military
 Expeditionary Force (AN and MEF) 7, 9n19, 13–14, 17
 Combined Force Operation Anode (Solomon Islands 2003), 167
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 55–6, 60, 62, 64–6, 69n57, 71–2, 78–9, 81, 83n25, 83n32, 118: maritime component 66
 Commonwealth Military Forces 13
 deployed forces responsiveness to 86
  sustainment of 123, 156–7
 Special Forces 2, 8n5, 47, 57, 87–8, 133, 139, 141, 179, New Zealand 116
Ford, Tim 99, 107n46
Forrest, Athol 101–2
France (Espiritu Santo Rebellion, 1980) 28n16
functions of force projection vii, 2–3
 command (see command and control)
 deployment (see deployment)
 employment vii, xv, 2–4, 6, 11, 158, 181
  independent Service 160, 163
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 105
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994): 73, 83n25
 generic force preparation vii, xv, 2, 7n1, 13, 15
 protection vii, xv, 2, 5–6, 8n5, 15, 26, 33, 48, 159
  arrangements for Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 100, 105, 121
  arrangements for Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 59, 79, 82n6, 83n25, 83n27
  arrangements for Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 136, 141, 158
  rapid response command 171, 173n9, 179:
 reconstitution vii, xv, 2–3, 5, 7, 7n1, 13
 redeployment vii, xv, 2, 6, 13, 32, 83n25, 179, 182
 rotation vii, 2, 4–6, 75
  arrangements for Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 119–20, 125n50
  arrangements for battalion groups 16, 18
 specific force preparation vii, xv, 2–3, 6, 11–15, 17, 20n3, 89, 158–60, 167, 169
  arrangements for Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98), 90, 97–104, 109, 119–20, 122, 125n50
  arrangements for Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 6, 61, 63, 65, 67, 79, 83n25, 83n32
  arrangements for Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 33–4, 37, 86
  arrangements for Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 133, 155
  number capping 109, 122, 126n58, 167; rapid response command 171
 sustainment (see logistics)

Ganilau, Ratu Sir Penaia 25
Gillespie, Ken J. 174n34
Glossop, J.C.T. 14
Gordon, Charles 12
Gorton, John 22n40
Gould, John 151n59
Grace, Steve J. 57, 63
Gration, Peter C. 24, 32–3, 35–7, 39–40, 46, 48–9, 76, 85, 121, 160
Grey, Jeffrey 13, 15, 169
Gubb, Matthew 34, 39, 50
Gulf War (1991) (see under wars)
Gunder, Ashley L. 96, 107n27

Habibie, Jusuf 129–30, 135, 138, 146
Haddad, Peter F. 156
Halleday, Peter 144
Harris, Mick J. 33, 35–7, 42n34
Hart, Basil H. Liddell 170
Hartley, John C. 119–20, 122–3, 131, 134, 147–8, 161
Hawke, Robert J. 25, 27, 31–4, 48
Hayes, John 93, 106n18
headquarters (see under Australian Army; see under Australian Defence Force, see under logistics)
Hickling, Frank J. 95–101, 104–5, 106n14, 107n35, 107n37, 107n46, 110–11, 115–18, 121–2, 123n5, 123n6, 161
Hill, Robert 31, 167, 170
Hill, Roger A. 59–60, 63, 81
Hingston, Colin M. 156
Holmes, Roger 97
Holmes, W. 14
Homer 168
Horne, Donald 165
Horner, David M. 5, 18–19, 136, 152n89
Houston, Angus G. 96, 171
Howard, John W. 25, 93, 95, 97, 107n33, 129–31, 161
Hudson, Mike 36
Hughes, Ian K. 56, 62–3, 67
Hurford, Gordon 56, 61
Hurley, David J. 68n17, 74, 95–6, 107n27

Indonesia xv, 18, 34
 involvement in East Timor (1999) 127–49
 relations with Australia 127, 130, 135, 137–8, 143, 152n88
intelligence 3, 93
 agencies/organizations:
  ADF Intelligence Centre support to Operation Lagoon 60, 63
  Australian Theatre Joint Intelligence Centre (ASTJIC) 85, 87, 91: criticism of support 120
  Defence Intelligence Organisation 57, 76: criticism of support 120; 155 leaks 130
  Joint Intelligence Organisation (JIO) 33, 47: denial of access to Army Office 47
  Office of National Assessments (ONA) criticism of support 120
 challenges at HQAST 87
 concept of operations 178
 failure to deliver at the tactical level 170
 human intelligence 60, 79
 need for more capability 166, 171
 rapid response command 171
 reforms 76, 85–6, 91n3
 relationship to force protection vii, 2, 8n5, 179
 Suharto regime 152n81
 support to:
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 96, 106n14, 117: criticism of support 120
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 55, 58–61, 63, 68n17, 74–5, 77, 79, 84n49: assessment 80, 83n32; Bougainville Crisis Action Team 60, 80–1; lack of independent communications 81, 82n15; lack of liaison officers, 57
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987): assessment 47, 49
  Operation Solace (Somalia 1993): human intelligence 60, 201
  Operation Tamar (Rwanda 1994–95): human intelligence 60
  Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 130–2, 135–6, 143: criticisms of support, 155
International Force—East Timor (INTERFET) involvement in East Timor 127–49
Iran 166, 173n6
Iraq xv, 166, 173n6
Irian Jaya xv
Irvine, David 106n18, 119

Jamieson, Ian 138
Joint Administrative Branch 91
 Administrative Cell 87
 Communications and Electronics 72
 Communications Planning Group 72
 distribution centre 157
 Exercise Planning Staff 45
 Joint Intelligence Organisation (see under intelligence: agencies/organisations)
 Joint Logistic Unit (see under logistics: headquarters, formations and units)
 Joint Movements Group (see under logistics: headquarters formations and units)
 Joint Operations Command (JOC) 170
 Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade 20
 staff groups 121, 128
 task force 118, 128, 155
Joske, Steve K. 97, 100–3, 105, 107n46, 114, 121

Kauona, Sam 55, 64, 80
Keating, Mick 133–4, 138
Keating, Paul 71
Kehoe, Mick C. 131–2, 134, 147
Kelly, Paul 32
Kenny, Laura 125n51
Killen, D.J. 22n50, 175n37
Korean War (see under wars)

Land Commander (see under Australian Army)
land force commander 14, 162
land force projection 5, 16, 136, 160
 land power 9n16, 9n18, 180
 land warfare 19
 operations 122, 160, 163
Lange, David 25, 27, 31
Legge, J.G. 13–14
liaison 45, 78, 57
 high-level liaison and reconnaissance 78–9, 100
 inter-departmental 46, 48, 78
 officers 38, 46–7, 51n19, 60, 100, 109, 112, 124n13, 137, 154n127, 155
  hasty deployment of 57, 96
  Military Liaison Officers (UNAMET) 130, 134
 secessionist liaison team ambush 75, 80
Lilley, Clive W. 101–2
Lincoln Agreement 116–18
Lini, Father Walter Hadye 28n16
Logistic National Interim Demand System (see under logistics: headquarters, formations and units)
logistics viii
 commanders:
  Commander—Joint Logistics (CJLOG) 110, 114, 156–7, 170
  Commander—Logistic Support Force 104, 110, 115, 131: Logistic Component Commander 134, 138, 161
  Commander—Support Command-Australia (COMSPTAS) 89: support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 111, 113: assessment 113, 121–3, 128; support to Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131–3, 147: assessment 147–8, 154n125, 156, 161
  Commercial Support Program 146
  Force Structure Review 146
  headquarters, formations and units: Defence National Supply Distribution Centre (DNSDC) 62: assessment 115, 121, 123, 124n22, 157, 163, 164n14; Operation Bel Isi Coordination Cell 110–11, 115, 123; support to Operation Bel Isi 110–11; support to Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 147
  Deployed Forces Support Unit 104, 119
  Headquarters Logistic Command: support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 62, 67, 80; support to Operation Solace (Somalia 1993) 164n14
  Headquarters Movement Control support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 80: 1 Joint Movements Group (1 JMOVGP) 85, 110: assessment 115, 124n13, 124n22, 156; challenges 87; expectations 91; support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 111; support to Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 138, 146
  Logistic Support Force (LSF): support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 96, 103–4: assessment of 120, 123, 147–8, 155–6; Logistic Management Centre 115; Logistic National Interim Demand System 116; logistic planning 131, 138, 145–7, 50–7; mounting headquarters 104, 109–10, 116–17; Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 146; Operation Anode (Solomon Islands 2003) 168; Force Logistic Support Group support to Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 134, 147
  9 Force Support Battalion (FSB): support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 98–9; support to Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131, 134
  10 Force Support Battalion support to Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131
  Joint Logistic Unit—North (JLU-N) 132, 146, 154n127
  Moorebank Logistic Group 121, 164n14
 lack of rehearsal 162
 logistic redevelopment projects 146
 rapid response command 171
 reforms 48, 85, 89, 91n3
 supply:
  basic commodities/items 59, 139, 146, 159, 164n19: backlog 148; bottled water 141–2; camp stores 103, 148; canteen service 116, 148; construction stores 147; contingency stocks 141; fuel 114, 140, 145, 147; generators 113, 124n17; maps 38, 106n14, 136; refrigeration 113; spare parts 46, 59, 112–13, 115–17, 121, 124n17, 147–8, 162; tents 15, 103, 147–8
  chains: ad hoc supply chain (Operation Stabilise East Timor 1999) 145; air force resupply chain 86, 113; failure of joint logistics 162, supply chain management 120, 122, 156, 158, 160, 162; under-rehearsed supply operations 163
 support to:
  Operation Anode (Solomon Islands 2003) 168
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 103, 108n58: supply chain management 109–10, 115; assessment 120, 122, 160
  Operation Hardihood (Vietnam 1966) 21n36
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 54–5, 57–9, 62, 72: planning 61–2; assessment 80, 83n32, 160
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 46: assessment 48
  Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131, 135, 140, 145–8: ANAO audit 169; assessment 156
  Vanuatu 1980 28n16
 theatre level arrangements 128
 weaknesses 109, 157, 161–3, 170
Loosely, Stephen 53

MacKenzie, S.S. 7
mail:
 absence of mail during Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 80, 82n32
 arrangements for mail during:
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 109, 114–15
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 46, 59
 Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 148
Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese 25
Martin, Ian 135, 137
Martin, Ray 57
Martinkus, John 152n81
Mataparae, Jerry 116
McCarthy, Dudley 7, 169
McDonald, Hamish 152n81
McDowall, Greg 86
McKinnon, Don 93–4
McLachlan, Ian 95, 97, 101, 104
McMahon, James F. 151n49
McMahon, William 22n40
McManus, Barry 131, 134, 147
McNamara, Phil J. 56, 58
McNeil, Ian 17, 169
media 90, 141
 classified news 155
 coverage of:
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 93–4
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 54, 67n4, 76, 96: early warning 122
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 27, 31, 33–4, 36–7, 48–9
  Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 130, 132, 134
 magnification of tipping points 6, 160–1, 168
 newspapers:
  Age 94, 106, 201
  Australian 106, 149–50, 173: Weekend Australian 150, 152
  Fiji Sun 27
  Fiji Times 27
  Sun-Herald 31
  Sydney Morning Herald 12, 27–9, 32, 38, 41–2, 106, 130, 132, 149–52, 197, 201
 radio stations 49
  Radio Australia 67n4
  scrutiny by 4–5
 television 90
  Cable News Network 122
Medical Support Force (see under operations: Tamar)
military:
 capability 181
  modernisation 3, 181
 competence 3, 127
  framework of force projection 7
 efficiency colonial 11, 129
 force projection (see force: projection)
 force protection (see under force: projection)
 intelligence agencies/organisations (see under intelligence)
 logistic support (see logistics)
 matériel 77, 99, 102–3, 120, 138, 150n38, 162, 175n36
  Australian Materiel Issue and Movement Priority System (AUSMIPS) 111
 medical support 14, 58–9, 65–6, 94, 97, 116, 141
 mobilisation vii, 1–2, 8n3, 14
 operations (see various military operations under operations)
 readiness vii, viii, 2–3, 8n3, 24, 34, 37, 151n39, 174n35, 181
  operationally ready 182
  rapid response command 171
 self-reliance 75, 127, 163, 168, 191
 strategic culture 3, 199
 strategy 17
  defence-in-depth xv, 4, 18, 23
  operational art 181
  operational level of war 181
 sustainability vii, 2–3, 7n2, 181
militia 14 (see also East Timor: auxiliaries (militia))
Miriung, Theodore 75
Molan, Jim 134, 136–7
monitoring groups:
 Peace Monitoring Group 116–20
 Truce Monitoring Group (TMG) 95–105, 110–11, 115–17
  Resource Group 95–7, 107n27, 108n58: transition to PMG 119
Moore, John 132–3, 135
Moriarty, Greg L. 106n18, 118
Morrison, David L. 55–8
Mortlock, Roger C. 93, 95, 97, 100, 105, 106n16, 106n18, 116
Mueller, Des 89, 111, 113, 121–3, 128, 131–2, 147–8, 156, 161
Murdoch, Lindsay 94
Murray, Alan A. 154n127

Nailatikau, Ratu Epeli 25, 32
National Security Committee of Cabinet (see under Australian Government)
New Guinea, German 14–15
New Hebrides 28n16 (see also Vanuatu)
New Zealand:
 Auckland gathering of world leaders (APEC) 138
  TMG planning 98, 101, 110, 112
 Australian relations with 93–4
 Burnham (Army Camp) 93–4, 120
  Burnham Declaration 94, 106n5
  Burnham talks 94–5
  Burnham Truce Agreement 95, 106n14, 120
 Linton, HQ TMG 100, TMG reconnaissance 101
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) New Zealand diplomats 93–5
 New Zealand Centre for Strategic Studies 136, 198
 New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF):
  support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98): drivers 116–17 serviceability of vehicles 116–17
 New Zealand Land Force Headquarters 112
  Logistic Support Agency 110
 Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) 111, 116
 Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) 113: vessels HMNZS Canterbury 105; HMNZS Endeavour 105, 113
 Special Forces 116
 Tasman Sea 100, 111–12
 Wellington TMG planning 95, 98, 100–1
Newham, Jim 36
Nixon Doctrine 18
Northern Command (NORCOM) (see Commander Northern Command under Australian Defence Force: commanders)

O’Connor, Justin 55–6, 58
O’Donnell, Laurie 36, 40
O’Hara, Jim S. 58, 65, 67, 71, 74, 80
O’Neill, Robert J. 169, 173n6
Office of National Assessments (see under intelligence: agencies/organisations)
Ona, Francis 118
operations:
 Anode (Solomon Islands 2003):
  assessment 167
  logistic support 174n31
  operational history 167
  Post Operation Report 173n15
 Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98):
  assessment 121–3
  logistic support 111–16, 124n7, 124n12
  operational history 111–20
  Post Operation Report 125n47, 126n58
  withdrawal of NZDF logistic support 116–17
 Faber (East Timor 1999):
  operational history 130–1, 150n26
  Post Operation Report 150n26
 Gateway (Cold War) 22n52
 Hardihood (Vietnam 1966) 147: logistic aspects 21n36
 Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 6, 9n19, 53–75
  observations 75–82 157, 160
  operational history 53–84
  Post Operation Report 68n22, 83n45
  Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) 57, 64
 Morris Dance (waters off Fiji 1987):
  operational history 6, 23–7, 31–41
  Post Operation Report 41n14, 41n19, 51n15
 Polygon (renamed Bel Isi) 98, 107n39
 Rausim Quik (PNG 1997) 93
 Sierra (PNG Highlands 1997) 97
 Solace (Somalia 1994) 110, 115, 122, 128, 136, 164n14
  operational history 191
 Spitfire (East Timor 1999) 6, 130, 132–3, 135–7, 146
  operational history 191
 Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 127–48
  ADF operational history 191
  reflections and observations 157–63
 Tamar (Rwanda 1994–95): 78, 122
  Medical Support Force in 56, 60, 63
 Terrier (renamed Bel Isi) 107n41
 Warden (East Timor 1999) 127–48
operational history 191
Oram, James 34, 38
Osborn, Bruce V. 117–22, 126n58
Oxenbould, Chris J. 85–90, 128

Pacific Command (US) (PACOM) 88, 91n16
Pacific Patrol Boat program 33
Papua New Guinea (PNG) xv, 27, 28n10, 60, 97
 Bougainville:
  Arawa site: for monitoring operations (Operation Bel Isi 1997–98) 93, 99, 102, 105, 111, 114; as peace conference site (Operation Lagoon 1994) 55, 58, 64–6, 71–4, 78–81, 82n6
  Bougainville Crisis 53, 58: hopes for ending 93–4, 116, 118
  Bougainville Crisis Action Team (BCAT) 60, 81
  Bougainville Reconciliation Government 120
  Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) 54, 76, 80, 94, 102
  Bougainville Watch Group 106n14, 107n27
  Bougainvilleans 66, 73–5, 119: welcome for TMG 101
  Buin 105, 108n55
  Buka 71, 80, 97, 101–2
  Commitment for Peace on Bougainville 55
  Endeavour Accords 54
  Kieta airfield 102, 105
  Loloho 72–3, 78, 99, 102–3, 105, 109, 111, 113, 118
  neutral zones 55, 64–6, 72, 74, 79
  Panguna copper mine 93
  secessionists 53–4, 64, 74–5, 94, 121
  Tonu 105
 Chan Government 93
 government involvement with:
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 93–5, 99, 101, 104
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 32, 54, 64–5, 67, 71, 75, 78–9, 81, 83n24
 Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF) 19
  involvement with: Espiritu Santo Rebellion (Vanuatu 1980) 28n16; Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 93–5; Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 53, 66, 73–6, 79–80, 84n49
  differences with PNG government 81
 Port Moresby 16, 55, 57, 64, 78, 94, 101, 119
 Rabaul 14, 49
 Skate Government 94
Patey, George E. 14
Peniai, Nick 73–4
People’s Republic of China (see China)
planning:
 combined planning Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 95, 99, 103
 compartments:
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994), 60, 76
  Operation Warden (East Timor 1999) 130, 133, 135
  rapid response command 171
 contingency planning 86, 89–90
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98), 95–6, 106n14, 107n27, 122
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994), 54, 59, 76, 81
  Operation Spitfire 130–3
 cryptographic plans
 devolution of planning and decisionmaking 133, 161
 Immediate Planning Group ADFCC 77–8
 Plan Benefactor 47
 planning and conduct of campaigns and operations 90, 157
 planning cycle 61, 78
 planning directive 85
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 98
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 55–6, 61–2, 77
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 46
 transition from strategic to operational planning 89
Portugal 129–30
Powell, Roger 120–1
power:
 air 5, 9n17, 159, 164n21
 land 180
 littoral 180
 maritime 180
preparedness vxi, 2, 132, 177
 generic preparedness 3, 7n1
PricewaterhouseCoopers report on HQ AST 129
Puddicombe, Reece 117
Pursey, Peter 32–3, 35, 42n34

Rabuka, Sitiveni 24–7, 31, 35–6
Radford, Ted 36
Rapid Deployment Force (US) 4, 8n10
rapid response command, case for 171–2
Ray, Robert 53–4, 58, 65–6, 71
reconnaissance vii, 2–3, 5, 8n4
 arrangements for:
  Operation Anode (Solomon Islands 2003) 167
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 95, 97–104, 109
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 57, 63–5, 74–5, 77–9
  Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 131, 159
 challenge for HQ AST, 86, 182
 rapid response command 171
Republic of Fiji Military Forces (see under Fiji)
Richardson, G.F.T. 21n36
Rimington, Hugh 27
Ritchie, David 117–19
Robertson, B.D. 153n102
Robertson, John 15
Rogers, Paul M. 98–9, 101, 103, 109–10, 112–15, 119, 121
Royal Australian Air Force 11, 38, 80, 111
 Air Commander 24, 36, 42n46,46, 118, 128
 aircraft 42n47, 46, 80, 95, 111–12, 114–15, 127, 145, 157, 160, 162
  A-4 Sky Hawk 136
  C-130 Hercules 38, 51n19, 71, 80, 112, 133, 137, 139–40, 153n101
  Caribou 71
  F-16 Fighting Falcon 136
  F-111 strike aircraft 136
  forward air control 136
  P-3C Orion aircraft 22n52
  rapid response command 171
  sorties 141, 153n101
  transiting 114–15
  transport 38, 71, 51n19, 127, 133, 139
 bases 112
  Amberley Air Base 114
  Butterworth Air Base (Malaysia) 22n52
  Richmond Air Base 80, 104, 111–12, 114, 124n22
  Tindal Air Base 133, 136
  Townsville Air Base 38, 114
 helicopters:
  Sea King 74, 80, 105
  Wessex 39
 higher command 5, 34
 personnel 38, 85, 114, 124n22 ,128, 137, 141,
 support to:
  DJFHQ 128, 137, 155
  land forces 5, 24, 80, 86, 103, 105–6, 109–15, 112, 118, 121, 160, 162–3
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 103, 105, 109–15, 118, 121, 124n22: Air Lift Group (ALG); Richmond 111; automated cargo visibility system 115, 121, 124n22
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 55, 59, 73, 80: supply chain 86, 95 156
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji), 38, 42n47, 51n19
  Operation Solace (Somalia 1993) 105, 160
  Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 136, 139–41, 145–7, 150n38, 156, 162: air bridge 147; Combined Air Wing Group 139–40
Royal Australian Navy (RAN):
 Cold War operations 11
 force projection role 5, 13–15, 19, 24, 58, 159, 162
  maritime power 180
 Maritime Headquarters vii, 39, 47
  Maritime Commander 36–7, 42, 46, 58 environmental title 20, 24; role
in raising HQ AST 85, 88
  maritime power 9n17
  support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 96, 103: assessment of 105, 118, 121–2, 128, 156, 161
  support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 58, 66–7
  support to Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 36–7, 42n47, 46
 Navy Office Contingency Co-ordination Centre (NOCCC), Australian Navy Supply 83n32
 support to:
  DJFHQ 128, 137, 155
  land forces 17, 136, 138, 156, 159, 162–3
  Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 103, 106, 110, 118
  Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 55, 58, 65–6, 72–4, 74, 80, 83n32
  Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 31, 33–4, 36–8, 42n40, 43n69, 51n19: tensions with Fiji 35, 40, 49
  Operation Solace (Somalia 1993) 160
  Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 136, 140–1, 145, 156–7
 vessels:
  HMAS Adelaide 39, 43n69
  HMAS Jervis Bay 133, 141–2, 142, 150n39: assessment 162
  HMAS Parramatta 39, 43n69
  HMAS Stalwart 43n69, 45
  HMAS Success 37, 39, 42n40, 43n69, 56, 58, 65, 71, 80, 105, 109, 141, 145
  HMAS Sydney 35, 43n69
  HMAS Tobruk: support Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 97, 99, 102–5, 109, 118; support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 56–8, 62, 66–7, 71–3, 76, 81; support to Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 36–7, 39, 42n47, 43n69; support to Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 141–2, 145
Royal New Zealand Air Force (see under New Zealand)
Royal New Zealand Navy (see under New Zealand)
Rules of Engagement (ROE) 8n9, 182
 Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 74, 78
 Operation Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 142
Russia 12
Rwanda xv (see also under operations: Tamar)
Ryan, Alan 170

Salter, John P. 39–40, 41n17, 47, 49
Sanderson, John M. 95, 107n46
Sargeant, Lawrence T. 153n105
Saunders, Kate L. 153n106
Scully, Peter J. 33–4, 45–6
secrecy, impact of, on:
 operational planning 86, 89–90, 149n10, 159: rapid response command 171
 Operation Anode (Solomon Islands 2003) 167
 Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 59, 61
 Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 46
 Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 130, 132
Sharp, Russ W. 61–2
Shoebridge, Robert W. 55, 58
Sinclair, Peter 36–7
Singarok, Jerry 93
Skate, Bill 93–4
Slater, Mick D. 142–4, 153n112
Slip, Murray 109–10
Smith, Neil 112, 124n13
Solomon Islands 53–4, 71, 78, 95, 167
 Honiara 53, 55, 64, 71–2, 78, 95
Somalia 78
 Operation Solace (1993):
  command and control 105, 115, 121
  human intelligence 60
  lessons from 110, 122
  logistic support to 80, 109, 156, 160
  ship loading 62, 67, 75
South Africa 11–13
South Pacific:
 political volatility in 50
 South Pacific Defence Cooperation Program 32
 South Pacific Forum 28n16, 32, 61
 South Pacific Peace Keeping Force (SPPKF) 53–6, 58–9, 63–6, 71–6, 78–81
 South Pacific support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 62–4, 66–7, 73
  assessment of 82n2
specific force preparation (see functions of force projection: specific force preparation)
Steel, Peter C. 151n50
Steketee, Mike 32, 34
Stevens, David 135
Stevenson, J.B. 14
Stokes, Captain 126n58
Stone, Gary J. 32–3, 38–40, 47, 49
Strategic Watch Group 96
strategy (see Australia: strategic thinking of)
Strickland, Edward 12
Suakin (in the Red Sea) 11
submarines (see under vessels)
Sudan (see under wars: British Sudan War)
supply (see under logistics)
Support Command—Australia (see under logistics: headquarters, formations and units)
surveillance vii, 2, 131
 air 11, 22n52
 maritime 11, 22n52, 83n20
 operations 19, 85
 technical 79
Syahnakri, Kiki 138–9, 143, 145
Sydney Morning Herald (see under media: newspapers)
Symon, Paul B. 130–1

Takal, Sevle 57, 64, 78–9
Tambea Accords 54
Tange, Arthur 18, 20, 22n43
 Tange Reforms 22n43
 Tange Report 18–19
Teece, William G. 72
tipping points 127
 definition vii, 4
 Kokoda Track 1942 vii, 11, 127, 157, 165
 Long Tan, Vietnam 1966 vii, 4, 6, 11, 127, 157, 165
 media creation of 4, 6
Tonga:
 support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 55, 57, 64, 69n56
Treloar, Bob 128–9, 131–8, 147–8, 155, 161
Truce Monitoring Group (see under monitoring groups)
Tupou, Feto 57, 64, 73–4, 78
Tyrell, Phillip R. 173n15

United Kingdom (see Britain)
United Nations 1, 16, 19
 Fijian service with 26
 involvement in East Timor 129–31, 134–9, 141, 145, 148
 United Nations Assistance Mission–East Timor (see United Nations: involvement in East Timor)
 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1264 138
United States 18
 CINC arrangements 88–9
 condemnation of Fiji coup 1987 27
 expectations of Australia 34
 force projection 4, 166
 support to Operation Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 135, 137, 139, 141
 support to South West Pacific Campaign 1942 16

Vanuatu (also Ni Vanuatu) 24
 support to Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997–98) 97, 104, 109, 119
 support to Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 55, 57, 64, 69n56, 82n6
 support to Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 27, 50
vehicles:
 Australian Light Armoured Vehicle (ASLAV) 142–4
 support to Operation Warden (East Timor 1999) 127, 139, 142, 144, 149n1
vessels:
 Coalition vessels 141
 landing craft 36–7, 124n17
 submarines 21n23, 22n52, 24
  Indonesian submarine 136
  Soviet submarine 22n52
Vietnam War (see under wars)
(see also Royal Australian Navy: vessels)

Walker, Frank 31
Walsh, Vince 38, 46–7, 51n19
Walters, Patrick 24
Wardlaw, Mark J. 110–11
warning orders:
 Operation Bel Isi (Bougainville 1997– 98) 96, 99–101
 Operation Lagoon (Bougainville 1994) 54, 58–9
 Operation Morris Dance (Fiji 1987) 34, 46
 Operation Spitfire/Warden/Stabilise (East Timor 1999) 128, 135
warning time 1, 76, 94, 158
 dissatisfaction with 161
 lack of rehearsal and 159
 media and 122
 rapid response command and 171
 secrecy and 159
wars:
 Boer War 12–13
 British Sudan War (1885) 11
 First World War 13–15
 Gulf War (1991) 18
 Kokoda Campaign 146, 157, 169, 174n22
 Korean War 16–17, 19, 169, 174n23
 Second World War 1, 7, 9n19, 11, 15–16, 138
 Vietnam War 4, 11, 17–18, 172n26
Watman, Gary 97, 100–1
weapons 142
 carriage of 140, 144
 confiscation of 74
 infantry preference 49
 safety of 66
 ship storage of 39
Wells, John 66–7, 71
Weston, Brian G. 87–90
Whitlam, Gough 18
Wilkinson, Jeff B. 104, 110–11, 114, 116–17, 121–3, 123n5, 123n6, 131–2, 134, 138, 145–8, 155–6, 161
Wilton, John 22n44
Wiranto, General 132, 135, 137–8
Woodley, Brian 34
Woods, Alan 33, 37

Young, Gary 57, 68n17