Policy Making and Implementation: Studies from Papua New Guinea
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Policy Making and Implementation: Studies from Papua New Guinea
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Contributors
Glossary
1. Introduction
References
2. Explaining Public Sector Reform Failure: Papua New Guinea 1975–2001
1975–1984: tinkering with bureaucracy
1985–1994: the creeping crisis in public sector management
1995–2001: the acute crisis of public sector management
Conclusion
References
3. Public Sector Reform Since 2001
The MTDS 2005–2010
A Strategic Plan for Supporting Public Sector Reform in Papua New Guinea 2003–2007
The structure for public sector reform
The Public Expenditure Review and Rationalisation (PERR) program
‘Rightsizing’
The Public Sector Workforce Development Initiative (PSWDI)
Decentralization
Overview
References
1. Part 1. Sectoral studies
4. Economic Policy Making
Transfer of policy-making responsibilities from Canberra to Port Moresby
Stated goals for economic policy making
Policies at independence
Changes in economic policy making since independence
Fiscal policy
The hard kina strategy
Trade policy
Incomes policy
State-owned enterprise (SOE) reform
Value-added/goods and services tax
The remaining policy void
Conclusion
Postscript
References
5. Policy Making in Agriculture
Introduction
Policies at independence
Statements of hope: policy making since independence
Macro-economic framework
Agriculture policies
Food security
Meanwhile in the real world: policy implementation
Policy responses
Farmer participation
Conclusions
Postscript
References
6. A Short History of Mineral Development Policies in Papua New Guinea, 1972-2002
The mineral policy paradox in Papua New Guinea
Mineral development policy at the moment of independence
Transformations of the mineral policy regime under the Namaliu government
Dilemmas of distribution and disinvestment
Evaluation and conclusion
References
7. Policy Making in Health
Potential for health systems to improve health
Policy formulation and planning
Decentralization in the 1970s and 1980s
Further decentralization in 1990s
The existing situation
Policies at independence
Policy implementation: policy into practice
Policy options
Option 1. No change
Option 2. Recentralize all OLPGLLG health functions to public hospitals
Option 3. Re-centralize all provincial health functions under the provincial health board
Option 4. Re-centralize all health functions under the national Department of Health
Option 5. Outsource provincial health implementation to competent third parties
Choosing policy options
Conclusion
Postscript
References
8. Formulating and Implementing Education Policy
Early policies in education
Policy directions since independence
The Education Plan (1976–1980)
National Education Strategy
Matane Report
Jomtien Agreement
The Education Sector Review
Reforming education in Papua New Guinea
National Education Plan (1995–2004)
‘Free’ education policy
User Pay Policy
School Fee Subsidy Policy
Free Education Again
Financing Education as a Shared Responsibility
Policy formulation in education
Medium Term Development Strategy (2005–2010)
National Education Board
Policy implementation
Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local Level Governments (1995)
Two case studies
Conclusion
References
9. Lands Policy
Defining the field
Colonial inheritance
Policies at independence
Policy making since independence
Policy implementation
Conclusion
References
10. Environment and Conservation Policy and Implementation
The colonial legacy and the constitution of 1975
Environmental policy from 1975 to 1990
Rio and after: policy initiatives since 1990
The National Sustainable Development Strategy
DEC Environment Review
DEC Conservation Review
Looking beyond 2006
References
11. Forest Sector Policy Making and Implementation
Policies at independence
The legal framework for forest exploitation had three main elements:
Policy making since independence
Policy implementation
The new reform agenda
Overview and conclusion
References
12. Policy Making on Decentralization
The origins of provincial government in Papua New Guinea
Decentralization, 1978–1995
The structure of provincial government
Local-level government
Intergovernmental financial relations
Intergovernmental relations
Suspensions
The politics of provincial government and the call for change
Decentralization since 1995
The new structure of decentralization
Local-level government
Special Purpose Authorities
Financial arrangements
Intergovernmental relations
Suspension
The 1995 reforms in practice.
District management
District planning
Service delivery
Reforms since 1999
Conclusion
References
13. Thirty Years of Law and Order Policy and Practice
The law and order (law and justice) sector: history and context
Policy responses — rhetoric and practice
1975–1997: managing crisis
1997 and beyond. Towards a measure of stability?
The changing character of Australian assistance to the Papua New Guinea law and justice sector
Conventional institutional strengthening
New security agendas
Conclusion
References
14. Policy Making in Defence
The colonial inheritance
Defence policy post-independence
Conclusion
References
15. Women, Policy Making and Development
Historical background
The Women in Development framework
Women and Development
Implementing the Second National Goal
National Women’s Policy
Implementing the Women’s Policy
Institutional arrangements — women’s machinery
Conclusion
Postscript
References
16. Foreign Policy Making
Policy at independence
Policy-making since independence
Implementation
Conclusion
References
2. Part 2. Policy case studies
17. The 1997-98 Drought in Papua New Guinea
The 1997 drought — natural disaster or national disaster
ENSO and PNG
The 1972 event — ignorance, politics and food relief
Post-1972: crying ‘Wolf!’
1997 — a policy failure?
A triumph of the citizenry?
The need for a bilateral policy
References
18. Privatization Policy in Papua New Guinea
Introduction
Papua New Guinea’s public sector at independence
Development of state enterprise policy 1975–1983
First moves to privatization 1983–1994
Privatization in progress 1995–2005
Conclusion
References
19. Policy Making on AIDS, to 2000
The international setting of AIDS policy
Papua New Guinea policy making on AIDS
The Medium-Term Plan 1998–2002 and the National AIDS Council
Retrospective from 2005
References