Index
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Index

Abaijah, Josephine, 64, 72-3, 86, 136
Abal, Sir Tei, 134
Abau, 63, 65
Aberle, D.F., 98-9
Achebe, Chinua, 210, 387
Adams, L., 210
Adams, R., 102
Adas, M., 79, 98, 99
Aega, 67
Africa, 1, 15, 18, 39, 40, 42, 47, 49, 74, 84, 104, 105, 204, 206, 210, 238, 252, 256, 318-20, 323, 326, 380, 387
Ahi Association, 60, 64, 75, 78, 84, 89, 90, 93, 102
Ahi, Stephen, 86
aid, 14, 25, 35, 44, 259, 263, 271, 308, 311-13, 322, 324, 376
Aioma Association, 69
Ake, C., 57, 81, 91
Allen, D.W.C., 373
Allen, M., 204
Alliance for Progress and Rural Development, 134
Almond, G., 36
Ambunti, 141
Amnesty International, 281
Andrews, C.L., 43, 316, 367
Anere, R., 219
ANGAU, 386-87
Angoram, 141
Anis, T., 77
ANZAAS, 373
Aquino, Corazon, 329, 336, 338, 339
Arapesh Kita Muna, 218-19
Arawa, 12, 60, 249, 274
Arndt, H., 305, 373
ASEAN, 32, 259, 327
Aufenanger, H., 217
Australia, 1, 11-14, 17-18, 24-5, 29, 35, 37, 41-2, 55, 59, 72, 75, 107-8, 111-12, 128, 137, 142-43, 174, 210, 213, 238, 240, 248-49, 254, 259-60, 267-76, 288, 291, 293-94, 302-5, 307, 311-13, 347-78, 380, 383-84, 386-87, 390;
Defence Cooperation Program, 268, 271;
Department of (External) Territories, 108, 111, 121, 129, 303, 348, 350, 352, 354, 358-63, 370-76;
Joint Declaration of Principles with, 14, 259;
Treasury, 357-63, 373, 376-77
Australian and New Zealand Bank, 349, 369
Australian National University, The, 213, 304, 350, 373
Autonomy, 147-49, 165, 169, 171, 180, 191-92, 194, 281, 283-84, 330
Avei, Moi, 67, 76, 81, 95
Axline, A., 180, 183
Bagai, Francis, 56
Bailey, F.G., 83
Baker, J.C., 112, 122-23
Ballard, J., 41, 92, 94, 141, 174, 150, 310
Baluan Local Government Council, 54
Bank of NSW, 349, 361, 369
Bank of Papua New Guinea, 9, 364, 370, 378
Banoni, 225
Barnes, Charles, 129, 374-76
Barnes, J.A., 39, 206
Barnett, T., 364
Barter, P., 200, 202
Bau, Vere, 234
Baxter, P., 312
Beach, J., 355
Bedford, R., 71-2, 276, 282
Beetham, R., 360
Beier, Ulli, 380-81, 389
Belshaw, C., 53, 101, 304, 350-51
Benedict, B., 38-9
Bergmann, W., 207-8
Berndt, R.M., 204, 218
Berry, R., 145, 169
Best, L., 94
Bettison, D.G., 107
Biage, 67
bigmen, 39-40, 80, 203-36
Bika, J., 283
Billings, D.K., 59
Binandere, 67
Bi-Partisan Committee see provincial government
Birch, A.H., 104
bisnis, 4, 37, 43-4, 78, 87, 90, 97, 137, 213, 218, 304, 308-9, 312, 316, 318, 331
Black Power see Papuan Black Power Liberation Movement
Blackwood, B., 210-11, 224
Bodrogi, T., 53, 101
Boera Association, 63, 67, 76
Boikin (Boiken), 217-18
Bokas, Nick, 268, 270
Bomai, 141
borders, 19, 32-4, 238, 245, 254-55, 258, 269, 271, 286-301;
border crossers, 289-93, 298;
border development, 297-98;
border violations, 295-300
Border Liaison Committee, 299-301
Bougainville, 2, 9-14, 18-19, 23-4, 26, 46, 55-6, 60-1, 71-2, 76, 84, 102, 125, 130-31, 134, 147, 151, 161, 163, 178-79, 183-85, 191, 195, 197, 215-16, 218, 222-27, 233-48, 251, 253-57, 260-61, 265-85, 302, 306, 311-13, 318, 321, 330-31, 337, 345;
rebellion, 13-15, 225, 240-43, 247-50, 260-61, 265-68, 269- 71, 273-85, 312, 321, 331;
Bougainville Agreement, 151, 153, 164, 179, 256, 265-66, 276, 282, 308, 311;
Bougainville Copper Ltd, 2, 24, 60, 239-40, 257, 263-66, 273-84, 306, 312-13, 315, 321, 331, 358;
Bougainville Interim Government, 267;
Bougainville Interim Provincial Government, 12-13, 151, 179;
Bougainville Nius, 384;
Bougainville People’s Congress, 12-13;
Bougainville, Republic of, 274-75, 280;
Bougainville Revolutionary Army, 13, 240-42, 249, 266-68, 271, 280, 283;
Bougainville Special Political Committee, 71, 148, 282;
Bougainville Transitional Government, 195, 227, 241, 249, 268;
Burnham Declaration/Truce, 11-12
Bratton, M., 328, 331
Britain, 41-2, 209-10, 219, 302
Bromilow, W.E., 211
Brookfield, H., 98, 99
Brown, P., 97-8, 101, 206-7
Brown, Sinai, 370
Bubesa, 68
Buin, 225
Buka, 56, 205-6, 223, 225
Bulldog-Wau trail, 386
Bureau of Literature, DIES, 381
Burnham Declaration see Bougainville
Business Services Group, 131-32
Bwaleto, K., 77
Cairns, 11, 249
Calvert, P., 338
cargoism, 43-4, 48, 50, 52-4, 56-60, 79-81, 83, 91, 96-100, 128
Central Planning Office, 307, 310, 370
Central Province, 27, 60, 63-4, 69, 73, 86, 89, 91, 125, 141, 163, 206, 215
Chambri, 218
Chan, Sir Julius, 20, 22, 25, 35, 63, 132, 134, 138, 192-94, 215, 241-42, 249-50, 252-53, 314, 377
Chelliah, R.J., 168
chiefs, 11, 195, 203-36, 267;
Council of Chiefs (Bougainville), 223-27
Chimbu see Simbu
China, 94, 307
Chowning, A., 204, 206-9, 211
churches, 74, 180, 188, 190, 229, 232, 281, 293, 316, 332, 336, 344, 383-84, 386-89. See also missions
civil society, 15, 332, 336-37
class, 51, 127-28, 139, 141, 143-46, 325, 336, 339
Cloudy Bay Local Government Council, 63
Clunies Ross, A., 307
coalition government, 3-4, 23, 331, 337
Cochrane, G., 53-4
Cohen, R., 49
Colebatch, H., 76
Commission Against Corruption, 8
Committee on Banking in Papua New Guinea, 359-64, 374, 378
Commonwealth Bank of Australia, 349-51, 362-64, 367, 369
community governments, 222-23, 228-29. See also local-level government
Compass, 131-32
compensation, 9-10, 264, 273-78, 280, 283, 288, 313, 320-21, 331
Conlon, A., 349
Connell, J., 77, 222, 327
Connor, W., 49, 104
Constitution, 6-7, 18, 26, 138, 147, 151, 177, 185, 233, 251, 325, 333, 341, 343;
Constitutional Development Commission, 5-6;
Constitutional Planning Committee, 26, 44, 76-7, 89, 102, 133, 147-54, 177-78, 180, 185, 212, 256, 282, 330, 344;
Constitutional Review Commission, 190-92, 195, 198-99. See also General Constitutional Commission, Select Committee on Constitutional Development
Conyers, D., 72, 150, 154-55, 174, 176
Coombs, H.C., 305, 347-50, 352, 355-56, 367, 371, 378
cooperatives, 43, 52, 55, 88, 308, 316, 350, 364-65
corruption, 1-2, 8-10, 22, 187, 213, 233, 257, 262, 319-20, 323, 331
Council on New Guinea Affairs, 355-56, 358, 372, 378
Country Party, 132-33, 136, 138, 145
Cox, P., 381
CRA, 275. See also Bougainville
Credit unions, 351, 353, 364-65. See also savings and loan societies
Crocodile, 384-87
Crocombe, M., 380
Crocombe, R., 305-6
CSIRO, 353
culture, 36, 38, 45, 47-9, 66, 79, 88, 311, 327-28, 381-82, 389
Curtin, P.W.E., 305, 348, 352-53, 355-59, 363-65, 371-72, 375, 377-78
Dahanayake, P.A.S., 312
Dahl, R.A., 91
Damen, Damien, 279
Damuni Association, 69, 78, 86, 89, 102
Daro, B.B., 72, 135
Dauvergne, P., 333, 337
Davis, M.M., 92
decentralisation, 10-11, 19, 26-9, 46, 91, 94, 147-72, 173-202, 203, 256-57, 308-10, 322, 327, 330, 340, 343-45. See also local-level government, provincial government
decolonisation, 347-78, 383. See also Australia
defence see Papua New Guinea Defence Force, security
Defence General Board of Inquiry, 239, 248, 253
Defence Systems Ltd., 262
Defence Ten Year Development Plan, 249, 270
Defence white papers, 241, 249, 269
Deklin, Tony, 211-12, 233
De Lepervanche, M., 205
Denoon, D., 225
Development Bank see Papua New Guinea Development Bank
Diamond, Larry, 331
Dickson-Waiko, A., 335
Dinnen, S., 5, 242, 330
Diro, Ted, 21, 135-37, 139, 267
Dobu, 211
Dogoba, W., 380
Donigi, P., 219-22
Dorney, S., 242
Douglas, B., 204, 206-8, 211
Downs, Ian, 1, 210, 310, 387-89
Druckman, D., 37
Dumont, R., 94
Duverger, M., 142
East Anglia, University of, see Overseas Development Group
East Coast Buka Society, 55
East Awin, 293
East New Britain Province, 60, 86, 125, 131, 161, 163, 165, 191, 230, 302, 354, 366, 370
East Sepik Province, 23, 45, 58, 125, 130, 135, 138, 140-41, 163, 183, 187, 216-22, 227, 234, 370
East Timor, 34, 299, 340
Eastern Highlands Province, 21, 31-2, 74, 125, 140-41, 161, 163, 262-63, 366
economy, 1-2, 18-19, 23-5, 43-4, 52, 54, 57, 87, 91, 255, 257-58, 260, 263-65, 285, 302-23, 327, 333, 354-56
education, 15, 44, 56, 60-1, 66, 73, 79-80, 88, 115, 122, 155, 165, 181-82, 191-92, 218, 264-65, 268, 297, 304, 306-7, 316, 320, 350, 352-54, 386. See also political education
Eight Point Plan/Eight Aims, 76, 90, 95, 308-10, 322
Ekeh, P., 15, 318-21, 323, 337
elections, 3-5, 9-10, 12, 15, 19-22, 35, 58-60, 62-3, 69, 73, 86, 102, 107, 125, 130-33, 135, 140, 241-43, 252-53, 256, 262, 269-70, 306, 318, 320, 326, 329-32, 335-36, 338, 344;
candidate fees, 4-8, 344;
clan voting, 5, 21, 23, 133, 136;
electoral violence, 5;
first-past-the-post voting, 4-5, 7-8, 344;
preferential voting, 3, 7-8, 344;
independent candidates, 3-4, 6-7, 130, 139, 136, 139, 337;
number of candidates, 4-5, 344. See also political parties
Electoral Commission, 243, 344
Electoral Development Fund, 200, 264, 318. See also Rural Action Programme, Rural Development Fund, Rural Improvement Programme
Elema, 206, 389
Elijah, E., 364
Elvery, A.W., 353, 367, 371
Enga Province, 27, 216, 284
Enloe, C., 81, 104
Enuma, Walter, 243
environment, 2, 33, 193, 198, 264, 266, 274, 278-79, 288, 309
Epstein, A.L., 129, 130
Eri, Vincent, 380-81, 384-87
Eriwo Development Association, 68, 85, 95
Errington, F., 218, 232
ethnicity, 15, 45-7, 49, 51, 74, 82-3, 87, 103-4, 127, 144-45, 243-44, 255, 260, 281, 283, 325, 336, 339
Evans, P.B., 328
Faber, Michael, 307-8, 311
federalism, 110, 149-50, 152, 160, 183
Federated Melanesian Republic, 191
Ferguson, P., 357
Fiji, 12, 14, 40-1, 43, 45, 47, 210, 214, 327, 339, 364
Finney, B., 37, 366
First National City Bank, 361
Firth, S., 41
Fishman, R.M., 338
Fisk, F., 305
Fleming, E., 353
Fly River, 287
foreign policy, 13, 32-4, 254-55, 258-59, 271, 283, 286-301;
‘Look North’, 13, 259;
‘Selective Engagement’, 13, 258;
‘Universalism’, 13, 254-55, 258
forestry, 2, 24, 64, 67, 176, 181-84, 192, 257, 264, 317, 335
Fortune, R., 211
Fox, Tom, 370
France, 41, 45
Franklin, J. and S., 244, 251
Freedom House index, 326, 334
Ganai Association, 64, 96
Garnaut, R., 43, 310, 312
Gazelle Peninsula, 61-3
Geertz, C., 57, 93, 104
General Constitutional Commission, 150, 165-66. See also Constitution
Germany, 41, 209-10, 224, 302
Gerritsen, R., 51, 97, 100, 102
Gesch, P., 58
Gewertz, D., 218, 232
Ghai, Y., 156-57, 162, 174, 183
Ghurkas, 9, 262
Giegao, B., 381
Godelier, M., 204, 208
Goilala, 206
Goldring, J., 151-53
Goodenough Island, 69, 95
Goodenough, W.H., 211
Goroko, 32, 355, 366
Gorton, J., 374
Gotoha, Hari, 366
Gourevitch, P.A., 104
governance, 2, 10, 254, 260, 263-65, 283-85, 316, 321-23, 324-46
Greater Toma council, 62
Greece, 290
Green River, 295
Greenstein, F.I., 37
Grey, G., 349
Griffin, J., 49-50, 72, 80, 223
Gris, G., 40, 211-12
Groennings, S., 142
Grosart, I., 102
Guiart, J., 53-4, 57, 101
Guise, Sir John, 133, 214
Gulf Province, 55, 65, 93, 125, 206, 384-85, 389
Gumoi, M.T., 311
Gutman, G., 360, 363
Hagai, F., 56
Hahalis Welfare Society, 55-6, 71, 75, 85
Hall, J.A., 328
Hannett, Leo, 71-2, 380-81, 383, 390
Hastings, P., 1, 41, 293, 298
Hau’ofa, E., 206
Hawina, D., 81
Hay, D., 363, 374
Hayden, Bill, 25
health, 176, 181-82, 187-89, 191-92, 264, 268, 297, 304, 316
Heeger, G.A., 49, 104-5, 142, 144
Hegarty, David, 36, 93, 102, 127-28, 133, 135-37, 139, 141
Heinrich, H., 360, 374-75, 377
Herlihy, J., 36
Hermann, M.G., 37
Hesingut Committee 227-28. See also provincial government
Heuter, D., 78
Hewison, K., 292
Hides oil field, 312
highlands, 1, 5, 8, 19, 21-2, 24, 29, 30-2, 37, 39, 41, 45, 47, 70, 73-4, 110, 130-32, 135, 138, 140, 145, 207, 209, 213, 230-31, 235, 239, 243-44, 260-63, 303, 306, 313, 318, 367, 387
Highlands Liberation Front, 73, 77, 84-6, 93, 95, 233
Hilyard, M.J., 360
Hinchliffe, K., 170
Hiri Association, 63, 67, 95
Hiri Motu see Motu
Hiri voyages, 385
Hobsbawm, E.J., 97
Hogbin, I., 97, 101, 211, 216-18
Hohao, 389-90
Hollandia see Jayapura
Holloway, B., 22
Honiara, 249, 271
Hood Lagoon Development Association, 69
Huntington, S.P., 142, 327, 330
Hutchful, E., 331
Hyden, G., 144
Ialibu, 141
IASER, 29, 288, 290
Iatmul, 218
IBRD, 304, 354, 371
Illich, I., 94
IMF, 25, 335, 363, 368
independence, 1-2, 4, 17, 33, 35, 37, 72-3, 110-11, 137, 173, 254-56, 259, 268, 271, 302, 306-7, 311, 317, 325, 343, 371, 377, 379, 387
independent political candidates/members see elections
Independent Members’ Group, 131
Indonesia, 13-15, 19, 32-4, 41, 45, 215, 245, 254-55, 258-59, 268-69, 271, 286-301, 302, 315, 345, 380;
Treaty of Mutual Respect, Friendship and Cooperation with, 258, 286, 301. See also Irian Jaya
Ingevics, E., 360, 374, 377
Inglis, K., 98
Institute of National Affairs, 29
institutions, political, 3-7, 11, 18, 30, 41, 52, 54, 325, 327, 329-30, 337, 340
inter-group fighting, 8, 29-30, 52, 239, 254, 260-63, 313, 321
internal security see security, internal
Internal Security Act, 261-62. See also security
Irian Jaya, 32-4, 41-3, 45, 238, 255, 258, 286-301, 302, 340. See also Indonesia
Isana, M., 156-57, 162
Island Development Corporation, 69, 95
Islands Region, 1, 27, 132, 134, 138, 145, 187, 189-91, 193-94, 228, 230, 302-3, 318;
New Guinea Islands Leaders Forum, 192
Jackman, H., 43
Jackson, R., 139, 141, 145, 169, 289
Japan, 303
Jarvie, I.C., 79, 97, 99
Jawodimbari, A., 380-81
Jayapura, 289, 291, 295-96, 298, 300
Johnson Cult, 59
Johnson, L.W., 96
judiciary, 5, 6, 109, 181, 189, 276, 326, 329. See also village courts
Kabadi, 206
Kabisawali Association, 63, 65-7, 75, 79-81, 83-6, 89-90, 95;
Kabisawali Peoples Government, 66;
Kabisawali Village Development Corporation, 66
Kabu, Tommy, 54-5
Kabui, J., 12, 279
Kabutaulaka, T., 337
Kadiba, J., 380-81
Kafaina, 74
Kaidadaya, 69
Kainantu, 31-2, 77
Kairi, J., 65
Kaiulo, R., 3, 5, 7, 344
Kaivovo, E., 370
Kalauna, 206
Kale, P., 380
Kaman, B., 73-4, 81
Kamenegu, 207
Kaniku, J.W., 381
Kaopo, 206
Kaputin, Sir John, 20, 86, 95, 103, 134, 138, 305, 366, 369
Karau, 217
Karkar, 78
Kasaipwalova, J., 38, 66, 80-1, 87, 94-5, 381
Kaumi, Simon, 68, 72
Kauona, Sam, 13, 279, 284
Kavali, Thomas, 20
Kavanagh, D., 36
Kavieng, 60, 161, 228, 366
Keesing, R., 54
Kellaway, P., 360
Kelley, E.W., 141
Kemelfield, G., 248
Kennedy, T., 321
Kerema, 385
Kerkvliet, B., 333, 340
Kieta, 60-1
Kiki, Sir Albert Maori, 56, 379-80, 386, 389-90
King, P., 135-36
Kiriwina, 66
Kirkwood, J.A., 360
Kiunga, 294
Kobe Association, 69
Kohli, A., 334
Koiari Association, 60, 64, 72, 76, 82, 95
Koil, 217
Koita, 206
kokal (kokwal), 216-17, 220-22
Kolemainen-Aitkin, R-L., 188
Komboni, A., 289
Komge Oro, 63, 67-68, 79, 81, 90, 95
Kongara, 279
Kovave, 380-81, 383
Kove, Mathew, 278
Kreuger, A.O., 312
Kristen Press, 381
Kula, 66
Kuma, 206-7
Kumaina, R., 354, 367
Kuni, 206
Kutubu, 263-64, 312
Lae, 31, 60, 64, 66, 89, 138, 260, 263, 283, 366
Lahui, J., 381
Lakalai, 208
land, 2, 60-1, 64, 183, 192, 221, 257, 264, 266, 273-78, 281, 292, 304, 308, 316-17, 340
Lanes, R., 364, 367
Langmore, J., 307
Langness, L.L., 205-6
language, 15, 39, 49, 54-5, 61, 87, 119-20, 128, 255, 289, 354, 381, 384
Lanternari, V., 97
Lapun, Sir Paul, 80
Latham, L., 41
Lavongai Council, 59
lawlessness, 2, 8-10, 29-32, 232-33, 239-40, 247, 254, 258, 260-63, 269, 283-84, 312-13, 321-33. See also security, internal; police
Lawrence, Peter, 44, 46, 53, 80, 100-1, 204-5
Lawson, S., 338
Laycock, D., 39, 380-81
Leach, J.W., 80, 204
leadership, 23, 36-8, 40-1, 44, 63, 65, 67, 78, 80-84, 88, 96, 132, 134, 142, 203-36, 248, 326, 329-30
Leadership Code, 7, 44, 213, 311, 319
League for National Advancement, 22
Lederman, W.R., 150-51
Lee Kwan Yew, 213, 343
Legge, J.D., 37
Leiserson, M., 142
Lepani, C., 368
Levinson, D.J., 36
Ley, A., 26, 140, 174, 182-83, 185, 188, 219, 230, 327
Lihir, 24, 234, 312
Lincoln Agreement, 12. See also Bougainville
Lini, Walter, 36, 38
Liria, Y., 248
literature, 379-90
local-level government, 10-11, 52-5, 57-8, 61-2, 69-71, 75, 77, 85-6, 101, 109, 128, 173-77, 185-86, 188-202, 203, 211, 218-27, 229-31, 235, 257, 282, 304, 308, 311, 332, 337, 345. See also provincial government
Lohia, Renagi, 381
Loveday, P., 132
Lovori, M., 381
Lucas, Paliau, 380
Lus, Sir Pita, 380
Lutkehaus, N., 217-18
Lynch, M., 310
MacIntyre, A., 356
Mackie, J.A.C., 298
MacWilliam, 349
Madang, 24, 100, 125, 210, 217, 381
Mafulu, 205-6
Maher, R.F., 54
Maino, Sir Charles, 215
Mair, L., 210
Malaysia, 215, 232, 261, 268, 295, 299, 339, 345
Malekula Native Company, 54, 57
Malinowski, B., 204
Mamak, A., 71-2, 276, 282
Mamaloni, Solomon, 189
Manam, 205-6, 217
Mann, M., 328
Manning, M., 166, 168-69
Mannur, H.G., 311
Manus, 7, 27, 54, 96, 125, 163, 183, 191, 193, 282, 370
Maprik, 141
Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese, 38, 214
Marching Rule, 54
Marcos, Ferdinand, 326, 329-30, 332, 335, 338-39, 341-42
Mark, T., 70
Markham Valley, 262-63
Marxism, 45, 127, 144
Matane, Paulius, 381, 390
Mataungan Association, 19-20, 60-3, 66, 73, 75, 78, 81, 83, 85-6, 89-90, 95, 97, 103, 131-38
May, R.J., 38-9, 41-2, 46, 48-9, 58, 60, 72-4, 77, 79-80, 83-4, 87, 94, 96, 129, 131, 142, 145, 152, 156, 160-61, 163, 168, 170-71, 174, 182-83, 185, 188, 204, 208, 219, 225, 227, 230, 233, 242, 247, 288, 290-92, 298, 307, 313, 326-27, 337, 340, 363, 367, 373-74, 376-77
Maynard, D., 381
Mazrui, Ali, 42, 45, 92
Mbowamb, 207
McCasker, Bill, 305, 310, 356, 373
McKenna, D., 350, 360
McKillop, R.F., 46, 72, 133, 135
McKinsey & Co., 155
McMahon, William, 374-75
McSwain, R., 78, 100
Mead, Margaret, 53-4, 97, 101
media, 29, 107, 119-20, 215, 232, 251, 274, 326, 329, 344
Mekeo, 206, 215
Mel, M., 73, 81
Melanesian Action Front, 94
Melanesian Alliance, 20-3, 134-39, 192, 317
Melanesian Spearhead Group, 14, 259
Melanesian Way, 36, 40, 46-7, 211-14, 236, 309-10
Melpa, 207
Melson, R., 104
Mendi, 141
Merauke, 289
Metraux, R., 218
Micah, B., 189-90, 192, 195, 228. See also Bi-Partisan Committee
micronationalism, 42, 46, 48-106, 131, 233-34, 255-56, 281;
defined, 49-51;
emergence of, 51-8, 91-105;
government policy towards, 74-7;
taxonomy of, 57-8
Micronesia, 254
Middlemiss, B., 61
Migdal, J., 324, 328, 332-35, 339-40, 345-46
migration, internal, 1, 30-1, 52, 74, 84, 93, 218, 281, 283
Milne Bay Province, 69, 125, 172, 219
Mindanao, 327, 328, 340
Mindiptanah, 289
Mineral Resources Stabilisation Fund, 284, 311, 314
mining, 2, 18-19, 24, 264-65, 273-85, 306, 311, 313, 315-17, 321. See also Bougainville, Ok Tedi, Porgera
Minj, 131-32
Miriung, Theodore, 241
Misima, 24, 264, 312
missions, 52, 54, 118, 130, 210, 218, 379, 385-87. See also churches
Mitchell, W.E., 218
Mogu, B., 77
Moi, O., 67
Momis, John, 12, 20-1, 23, 103, 134, 136, 156, 161, 167, 170, 186, 193-94, 202, 212
Morauta, Louise, 83, 204, 208-9, 235
Morauta, Sir Mekere, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13-14, 16, 319, 322-23
Morgan, Leo, 92
Morobe Cultural Centre, 89
Morobe District People’s Association (MODIPE), 138
Morobe Independent Group, 28
Morobe Province, 28, 45, 58, 74, 125, 130, 135, 138, 141, 168, 215, 367
Motu, 35, 67, 119, 206, 385
Moulik, T.K., 40
Mount Hagen, 31, 70, 207, 366
Mount Kare, 312
Movement for Greater Autonomy, 194
Mumeng, 215
Mungkas Association, 71, 84
Munster, J., 74
Murdani, Benny, 296
Murik, 206, 217
Musa Association, 60, 64-5
Mushu Island, 217
Nadkarni, M.S., 43
Nadzab, 247
Nagovisi, 225
Nagriamel, 46
Naguwean, J., 222
Namaliu, Sir Rabbie, 213, 219, 284, 344, 380
Napidakoe Navitu, 60-1, 71, 73, 75, 78, 86, 89-90, 93, 131, 384
Nara, 206
Narokobi, Bernard, 44, 46, 211, 213, 217-19, 222, 310, 368
Nasioi, 61
Natachee, Alan, 380-81
Nation, J., 40
National Alliance government, 20, 133-34
National Anti-Corruption Agency, 8
National Bank of Australia, 349, 369
National Capital District (NCD), 73, 168, 173, 195, 239, 243, 250
National Cultural Council, 66, 76, 311
National Fiscal Commission, 27, 158-60, 166-67, 169, 184
National Investment Development Authority, 310
National Party, 20-2, 86, 132-40, 145
National Security Council, 193, 250
National Summit on Crime, 240, 261
national unity, 15, 100-4, 112, 119-21, 123-24, 144, 339, 382, 390
Nationalist Pressure Group, 132-34
Navari, C., 328
Navuvu, V., 360
Nayacakalou, R.R., 40
Nelson, Hank, 1, 36, 39, 41
Nemea Association, 60, 63-4, 76, 83, 86-7, 89, 93, 95
Netherlands, 287, 289
New Caledonia, 41, 43, 45
New Guinea Development Corporation, 63, 95
New Guinea Writing, 381
New Hanover, 59
New Ireland Province, 59-60, 125, 141, 161, 163, 191-92, 215, 302
‘New Men’, 55
New Zealand, 11-12, 268
Newbrander, W.C., 188
Newman, A.P.J., 373
Newspapers see media
Nilkare, John, 22, 188-89, 228, 230
Niugini Economic Society, 373
no confidence votes, 5-7, 18, 22, 73, 134, 244, 256, 318, 343-44
North Solomons Province see Bougainville
North Solomons, Republic of, 72. See also Bougainville
Northern Province see Oro Province
Nuia, Leo, 242-44
O’Callaghan, M-L., 242
Office of Village Development, 310-11
Oil Search Ltd., 321
Ok Tedi, 24, 233, 264, 284, 289, 294, 297, 312, 315
Okuk, Iambakey, 20-2, 31, 38, 44, 134-37
Oliver, Douglas, 56, 208, 211, 224, 275
Olu Bus, 73-4, 90
Omdudsman Commission, 7, 311, 319, 344
Ona, Francis, 274, 277-80, 282, 284
one-party states, 1, 3, 142-43
Ong, M., 336
Oram, N., 54
Organic Law on Provincial Government, 147, 150-62, 164-65, 168-70, 179-85, 189, 228, 282, 345
Organic Law on Provincial and Local-Level Governments, 10-12, 26-7, 190-201, 230, 234, 345
Organic Law on the Integrity of Political Parties and Candidates, 6-7
Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM), 33-4, 45, 86, 238, 255, 269, 271, 290, 293-97
Oro Province, 4, 60, 64, 67-8, 71-2, 125, 194-95. See also Komge Oro
Orokolo, 206, 386, 389
Overseas Development Group (University of East Anglia), 95, 307
Paiya, P.W., 381
Paliau Maloat, 54
Pangu Pati, 11, 18, 20-3, 45, 58, 67, 86, 102, 130-32, 134, 136, 138-40, 145, 192, 194, 306, 317, 377, 379-80, 384;
Pangu Independent Group (PIG), 22
Panguna, 273, 276, 279, 306, 312
Panguna Landowners’ Association, 266, 273-74, 276-79
Papua, 2-3, 72-3, 82, 138, 140, 145, 175, 206, 233, 255, 318, 379, 384-85, 389
Papua Action Party, 20, 135-36, 138-40, 145
Papua Besena, 19-20, 46, 71-3, 75, 78, 82, 84-6, 93, 95, 103, 112, 133-39, 145, 233, 255
Papua New Guinea Bankers College, 368
Papua New Guinea Banking Corporation, 364
Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF), 2, 8-9, 14, 20, 213, 225, 232, 237-45, 246-53, 254, 257, 260-61, 263, 267-71, 274-75, 279-81, 283-84, 294, 297, 313-14, 321, 326-27;
civic action, 244, 249, 268, 270;
civil-military relations, 240-41, 247, 269-71;
coup speculation, 1, 244, 251-53, 255, 270-71, 327;
discipline, 9, 247-48, 253, 269-70;
factionalism, 245, 253;
politicisation, 241, 245, 248, 252, 270;
Operation High speed II, 241, 250;
Special forces Unit, 243-44, 251;
Special Operations Group, 243. See also Sandline Affair, security
Papua New Guinea Development Bank, 87, 355, 359, 369
Papua New Guinea Investment Corporation, 370
Papua Party, 20, 22, 133, 135-36, 139-40, 145
Papuan Black Power Liberation Movement, 72, 381
Papuan ‘Independent Group’, 20, 72, 135, 137, 139
Papuan Republic Fighters’ Army, 68, 72
Pardy, R., 65
Parker, Robert, 94, 107, 109, 119, 127, 129-30, 142-43, 304
Parr, D., 360
patronage, 38-9, 45, 180, 272, 318-21, 323, 329, 332, 335-36, 343
Peasah, J.A., 222-23
Peli Association, 58, 80, 81, 83, 86, 97, 100
‘People Power’ (Philippines), 327, 329, 338
People’s Democratic Movement (PDM), 21-3
People’s Progress Party (PPP), 20-2, 132, 134-39, 145, 189-90, 192, 317
People’s United Front, 134
Philippines, 315, 324-46
Phillips, M.J., 348-49, 353, 356, 363-65, 371, 373, 378
Piplika Association, 70, 82, 90
Pitenamu Society, 58, 79, 80-2, 86, 97, 100
Plantation Redistribution Scheme, 76, 87, 90
plantations, 52, 59-60, 63, 68-70, 78, 90, 277, 283-84, 302-4, 316
Pokao, 206
Pokawin, S., 96
police, 8-9, 31-2, 55, 165, 192, 238-41, 245, 253, 257, 260-64, 270, 274-75, 280-81, 283-84, 294, 321, 344;
Police Tactical Force, 261-62
political education, 52, 69, 75, 107-26, 129;
Political Education Committee, 108, 112-26
political parties, 1, 3-4, 6-7, 15, 18-23, 28-9, 45, 50, 87, 105, 109, 120, 127-46, 180, 255-56, 317-18, 326, 329, 332, 337, 340-44;
and provincial government, 28-9, 140-41;
fluidity of, 136-37;
history of, 127-36;
ideology, 20, 23, 137-38;
lack of mass base, 137;
party endorsement, 3, 6-7, 19-23, 28, 86, 132, 135, 137;
‘party hopping’, 6-7, 344;
public funding of, 6-7
Polynesia, 204, 209
Pora, Paul, 370
Porgera, 24, 263-64, 284, 312
Port Moresby, 1, 8, 17, 25, 27, 31-2, 55, 66, 69-71, 84, 94, 122, 130, 138, 154-55, 159, 171, 173, 215, 219, 239, 243-44, 247, 260-61, 283, 313, 319, 351, 354, 356, 358-59, 363-64, 367-68, 370-71, 373, 376-78
Powell, G.B., 36
Powell, H.A., 204
Premdas, R.R., 49-50, 139, 143-44
Premiers’ Council, 28, 157, 164-65, 167, 192
press see media
provincial government, 2, 10-12, 19, 26-9, 43, 56, 71-2, 105, 140, 147-72, 173-74, 177-202, 203, 219-22, 256-57, 266, 274-75, 322, 330, 345;
division of powers in, 11, 27, 153-59, 165-68, 180-83, 198-99;
finance, 10-11, 26, 160-61, 168-71, 183-85;
history of, 26, 177-79, 188-95, 199-200;
suspension of, 27, 153, 164, 189, 199;
Select Committee on (Hesingut Committee), 227;
Bi-Partisan Parliamentary Select Committee on Provincial Government (Micah Committee), 189-90, 222, 228-31, 234 . See also local-level government
public service, 18, 28, 56-7, 148, 162, 183, 187, 191, 196-97, 225, 308, 311, 313, 319-20, 331, 337, 382;
Public Service Board, 117
Pula, A., 289
Purari, 55, 206;
Purari Action Group, 65, 93
Pye, L., 36-7, 81, 84
Queen Elizabeth, 212
Quiros, L., 36, 47
Rabaul, 63, 193, 357, 366-67
Ramos, Fidel, 329, 336, 338-39, 341
raskolism, 8-10, 29-32, 233, 243, 260, 262, 265, 279, 321-22. See also lawlessness
Rea, Gavera, 377
Reay, M., 73, 129-30, 204, 207-8, 306
Reed, S.W., 210
Reeve, H.H., 365
Regan, A.J., 26, 140, 174, 182-83, 185, 188, 226-27, 230, 242, 327
regionalism, 21, 23, 28, 45-6, 70-4, 92-3, 127, 134-35, 138-41, 143-46, 318, 323. See also separatism
Reserve Bank of Australia, 120, 305, 347, 351-78;
monetary policy, 356-57;
Rural Credits Fund, 353;
separate currency, 359-61, 364, 370-78
Rigo, 215, 234
Riker, W., 141, 152
Rimoldi, M. and E., 56
Ritchie, H.P., 360, 375
Roro, 206
Rorovana, 60
Roth, G., 104
Rowley, C.D., 75, 101, 210
Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC) see police
Rueschmeyer, D., 328
Runawery, C., 381
Rural Action Programme, 200. See also Electoral Development Fund
Rural Development Fund, 9
Rural Improvement Programme, 76, 311
Russell, M., 381
Ryan, Dawn, 351, 364
Ryan, Paul, 377
Ryan, Peter, 218
Sabin, E.M., 211, 223-25
Saffu, Y., 5
Sahlins, M.G., 204-5
Salisbury, R., 208,
Samana, U., 28, 212
Sana, 217
Sana, 390
Sandaun Province see West Sepik
Sandline International, 9, 11, 237, 241-45, 246-53
Sarei, A., 211
Saruva, J., 381
Saulep, L., 384
savings and loan societies, 351, 357-58, 364-67, 378;
Eastern Highlands League of, 366;
Federation of, 366;
Gazelle League of, 366, 369
Scarr, D., 41
Schaffer, B., 305
Schouten Islands, 216-17
Schwartz, T., 54
secession see separatism
security, external, 254, 258-60, 269, 271, 286-301;
internal, 9, 238-40, 245, 247-50, 254-72, 273-85, 294;
private, 9, 265;
Internal Security Act, 261-62;
Operation LOMET ’88, 261. See also foreign policy, lawlessness, Papua New Guinea Defence Force, police
security forces see PNGDF, police
Security Review Task Force, 240, 261
Select Committee on Constitutional Development, 62, 109-11, 120-21, 123, 126, 359-60. See also Constitution
Selochan, V., 327
separatism, 1, 18-19, 27, 46, 49-50, 61, 68, 70-5, 189-91, 193, 255-56, 274, 280-83, 298, 327. See also regionalism
Sepik, 24, 58, 138, 215, 218, 287. See also East Sepik Province, West Sepik Province
Serero, Perpetua, 273
Sexton, L., 74
Shand, R., 305
Shils, E., 49, 104
Shue, V., 334
Siaguru, Sir Anthony, 22, 28
Simbu, 21, 27, 37, 74, 125, 134, 136, 141, 163, 165, 206-8
Simet, J., 381
Sinaugoro, 206
Singapore, 213, 215, 232, 345
Singh, S., 88
Singirok, Brigadier General J., 9, 237, 242-47, 250-53
Siuai, 208, 226
Skate, Bill, 6, 9-10, 14, 243-44, 250
Skeldon, R., 74, 84
Skocpol, T., 328
Smith, A.D., 79, 101, 104
Smith, Alan, 292
Snedden, W., 375
social stratification, 40, 46, 127, 143-44, 206, 208, 213, 264, 308-9, 317. See also class
Social Workers’ Party, 72, 86
Solomon Islands, 2, 13-14, 42, 46, 54, 189, 249, 254, 259, 267, 269, 271, 337
Solomon, Longas, 370
Somare, Sir Michael, 2, 5, 13, 17-18, 20-3, 27, 35, 44, 63, 73, 75, 77, 94-5, 105, 122, 128-29, 132-34, 136-37, 178-79, 189, 194, 213-14, 217, 220, 232, 288, 291, 306-8, 363-64, 372, 377-78, 390
South Bougainville Interim Authority, 225-26
South Pacific Forum, 32, 327
South Pacific Peacekeeping Force, 267
Southern Highlands Province, 24, 125, 141, 217
Spanier, J., 37
Spriggs, M., 225
Stammer, D., 373
Standish, W., 5, 36-7, 40, 45-7, 73, 84, 94, 133, 141, 150, 171, 204, 207-8, 213, 231, 234, 330
Stanner, W.E.H., 97, 101
Star mountains, 287
state, the (in Papua New Guinea), 1-2, 6-9, 254-72, 317-25, 330-31, 336-37, 343-46. See also institutions, political
Steeves, J.S., 139
Strelan, J.G., 96, 100
Stent, W.R., 99
Stepan, A., 328
Stephen, D., 127, 131, 139
Stephen, M., 98, 100
Stevens, Jimmy, 38
Stone, D., 127, 129
Strathern, A., 206-9
style, political, 36-47, 209, 256, 338
Subi, Soso, 366
Suharto, 15, 286
Sup, 217
Swan, T., 304, 350-51
Sweden, 290, 292
Tabu, Marten, 38
Talingapua, H., 382
Talmon, Y., 81, 97
Tammur, Oscar, 62
Tanis, James, 13
Tanzania, 94, 307
Tapini, 215
Tari, 141
Tawali, K., 380-83
Taylor, R., 183
Telei, 225-26
Teosin, John, 56
Thomas, J.R., 351, 364
Thomason, J.A., 188
Thomy, G., 294
Thrupp, S.L., 81
Timbi, B., 70
Tischner, H., 208
Tito, Epel, 370
ToBolton, E., 370
Togolo, Mel, 223
Tolai, 61-3, 208. See also East New Britain Province, Mataungan Association
Tolai Cocoa Project, 62
Tonenei Kamokwita, 66, 84, 89-90, 95
Tonga, 327
Tonkinson, R., 47
ToRobert, Sir Henry, 360, 364, 368-70, 377-78
Tordoff, W., 148-52, 157-58, 160, 177, 179, 331
Townsend, D., 82, 103
tradition, 40-2, 45-6, 52-3, 55-6, 60, 79, 81, 101, 144, 190, 197, 203-36, 255, 257, 289, 330, 386, 389-90
Treaty of Mutual Respect, Friendship and Cooperation (with Indonesia), 34, 286-301. See also Indonesia
tribal fighting see inter-group fighting
Trobriand Islands, 66, 204-6, 219
Tsereha Report, 223
Tufte, E.R., 91
Tupounia, S., 38-9, 46, 142
Turner, M., 313
Tutukuvul Isukal Association, 59-60, 96
Uberoi, J.P.S., 204
United Democratic Party (UDP), 130, 136, 138
United Nations, 34, 107, 110-12, 123, 129, 138-39, 258, 267, 282, 292, 297, 304, 372, 388;
UNDP, 94;
UNHCR, 33, 290, 293-94
United Party, 19-22, 86, 131-39, 145
University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG), 92-4, 118, 219, 223, 307, 368-69, 380, 382
University of Sydney, 368
USA, 59, 268, 326, 329, 334, 376, 387
USSR, 293
Uyassi, M., 76
Van den Berghe, P.L., 49
Vanimo, 298, 300
Vanuatu, 2, 12, 14, 42, 46, 54, 57, 238, 259, 269
Vear, T.W.J., 360
Verba, S., 36
Vicedom, G.F., 207-8
village courts, 32, 54, 55, 76, 181, 189, 223-26, 230, 235
Village Development Task Force, 76, 311
Village Economic Development Fund, 76, 87
Village Services Programme, 228, 230
Voutas, Tony, 130
Wabai, T., 381
Waddell, J.R.E., 41, 139, 143
Wahgi Tuale, 74, 78
Wahid, Abdurahman, 287
Waigani Seminar, 122, 378
Waiko, J., 67-8, 95, 380-81, 383
Wake Association, 63-4, 96
Waliawi, Peter, 221-22, 235
Wallace, A.F.C., 98
Wallerstein, I., 91, 104
Walter, M.A.H.B., 51, 83, 96, 316
Wamena, 295
Wantok, 384
wantokism, 46, 255. See also patronage
Ward, Eddie, 348-49
Ward, R.G., 38, 41, 94
warfare, 40, 204, 260. See also lawlessness
Warkurai Nigunan, 62
Warmaram Group, 62
Warren, N., 77
Warry, W., 74
Warwick Smith, G., 363
Watts, R.L., 148-52, 157-58, 160, 177, 179, 330
Weber, Max, 328, 337
Wedgwood, C., 217
Weiner, M., 104
Wesley-Smith, T., 327
West New Britain Action Group, 65, 93
West New Britain Province, 125, 163, 191
West Papua, 15, 287. See also Irian Jaya
West Sepik (Sandaun) Province, 74, 125, 289
Westcott, R., 150
Western Highlands Province, 45, 73-4, 125, 140, 370
Western Islands Movement (Solomon Islands), 46
Western Province, 27, 125, 288-89, 293-94
Westminster system, 41, 45, 52, 109, 124, 180, 255, 317-18, 326, 343
Westpac see Bank of NSW
Wewak, 159, 215-18, 384
White, G., 331
Whitlam, Gough, 18, 110, 306, 355, 363, 375
Wilson, B.R., 99
Wilson, R.K., 43, 88, 305, 316
Wingti, Paias, 6, 13, 18, 21-2, 25, 28, 188-89, 191-92, 215, 228, 259, 293, 313
Wirui Press, 384
Wok Meri, 74
Wogeo, 206, 216-18
Wolfers, E.P., 50, 107, 109, 119, 127, 129, 131-32
Wolpe, H., 104
women, 6, 11, 56, 74, 113-14, 118, 175, 180, 188-90, 195, 217, 229, 231, 234, 265, 267, 274, 309, 322, 336, 342, 368, 382
Woods, D., 331
Woolford, D., 50
World Bank, 94, 265, 304-5, 314-15, 321, 324, 354-56
World War II, 53-5
Worsley, P., 53, 83, 101, 103
W.R. Carpenter, 376
Wright, J.B., 360, 376
Wutung, 287
Yaboyang, Ikini, 381
Yali, 80
Yaliwan, Matias, 81
Yama, C., 68
Yambumbe, M., 232
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